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Review Questions. How could European Jews be Jewish and participate in the modern world? Why was this a new question for Jews? Who was Israel Jacobson and why is he significant? What was the Hamburg Temple Prayer Book and why was it controversial?. Emerging Patters of Religious Adjustment.

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Review Questions

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  1. Review Questions • How could European Jews be Jewish and participate in the modern world? Why was this a new question for Jews? • Who was Israel Jacobson and why is he significant? • What was the Hamburg Temple Prayer Book and why was it controversial?

  2. Emerging Patters of Religious Adjustment Part II

  3. Rabbi Abraham Geiger (1810-1874) • Born in Germany • Traditional Jewish education • PhD, University of Bonn • Believed in studying Judaism scientifically • Jewish history – Rashi, history of Pharisees and Saducees

  4. Rabbi Abraham Geiger (1810-1874) • Saw German Jews leaving Judaism • Philosophy • Believed that the Torah was written by human beings • Judaism had adapted to the needs of the Jewish people throughout its history. • Appointed Chief Rabbi of Berlin

  5. Rabbinical Conferences • Individual congregations making changes • Need for a unified position on key issues • Calls for a series of Rabbinical Conferences • 1837 – Not successful • 1840s – more successful • Issues create schisms that lead to 3 Jewish movements

  6. Reform Rabbinical Conference at Brunswick (1844) • Issue Under Discussion: Patriotism • Rabbis endorse the position of the French Sanhedrin on Jewish Patriotism • Do the Jews consider Frenchmen as their brethern or as strangers? • French Jews are the brethren of Frenchmen • Why is this significant?

  7. Reform Rabbinical Conference at Frankfurt (1845) • Issue Under Discussion: • To what degree is the Hebrew language necessary for the public prayer service? • To what degree must the dogma of the Messiah and anything pertaining to it, be taken into consideration in the liturgy?

  8. Rabbi Samuel Holdheim (1806-1860) “The Talmud speaks with the ideology of its time, for its time it was right. I speak from the higher ideology of my time, and for my time I am right.”

  9. Rabbi Zecharias Frankel • Scholar • Attends Rabbinic Conference in 1845 • Breaks with Reform over Hebrew and Halachah • Historical Positivism

  10. Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch (1808-1888) • Yafeh Torah Im Derech Eretz • “Religion Allied to Progress” (1854) • Neo-Orthodoxy

  11. Drawing Conclusions • What is the religious impact of Emancipation on the Jews of Germany?

  12. For Next Week: • Read pages 207-248. • Special attention to documents #1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, and 12. • Think about: • Why do we study Jewish history today? • What were the goals of studying Judaism scientifically? • What were some of the tensions between the different goals?

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