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“The opposite of love is not hate, it's indifference.

“The opposite of love is not hate, it's indifference. The opposite of art is not ugliness, it's indifference. The opposite of faith is not heresy, it's indifference. And the opposite of life is not death, it's indifference.” -Elie Wiesel, Holocaust Survivor. Genocide?.

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“The opposite of love is not hate, it's indifference.

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  1. “The opposite of love is not hate, it's indifference. The opposite of art is not ugliness, it's indifference. The opposite of faith is not heresy, it's indifference. And the opposite of life is not death, it's indifference.” -Elie Wiesel, Holocaust Survivor

  2. Genocide? After the systematic killings of millions of Jews in Europe during the Holocaust, Raphael Lemkin (Jewish scholar) gave the atrocities a name: GENOCIDE

  3. Defined as being… Genocide is a term created during the Holocaust and declared an international crime in the 1948 United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. The Convention defines genocide as any of the following acts committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:a. Killing members of the group;b. Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;c. Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; d. Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;e. Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group. The specific "intent to destroy" particular groups is unique to genocide. A closely related category of international law, crimes against humanity, is defined as widespread or systematic attacks against civilians.

  4. After the Holocaust the world said NEVER AGAIN. • It happened again… and again…and again…and again…it’s still happening today. Picture of the memorial at Dachau Concentration Camp in Germany.

  5. The countries on the next slide are ones that either CURRENTLY are engaging in genocide or are at risk…

  6. Rwanda: 1994 • Between April and June 1994 an estimated ONE MILLION Rwandans were killed… • …in 100 days The world did nothing to stop it

  7. Rwanda: Background • Rwanda was a Belgian colony until 1962 • There were two predominant ethnic groups in Rwanda: the Hutus and the Tutsis • When the Belgian’s arrived in 1916 they made and had all Rwandans carry identity cards which classified them according to their ethnicity • The Belgians preferred the Tutsis (they thought they were superior to the Hutus)

  8. Tutsis vs. Hutus (Ethnicity) • Tutsis are said to be taller, thinner with their roots in Ethiopia • The Hutus are said to have their roots in Chad • The Belgian’s thought the Tutsis were superior so they gave them better jobs/educational opportunities, put them as overseers to the Hutus (European colonial powers creating a divide between two ethnicities…sound familiar?) • The Hutus did not like this • There was a tension between the two ethnic groups as a result of this Belgian imposed status

  9. Belgium Leaves… • In 1962 Belgium relinquished power and left Rwanda • The Hutus took control (there was a series of revolts and uprisings prior to Belgium leaving) • Over the next few decades (decade = 10 years) many Hutus blamed the Tutsis for everything, they were the scapegoats • This is a result of the resentment the Hutus built up for the Tutsis when they were the ‘preferred’ ethnic group by the Belgian’s • Some RADICAL Hutu’s have some repressed animosity toward Tutsi minority • Not all Tutsi’s and Hutu’s hated one another, in many cases they were neighbors, coworkers, friends or even relatives by marriage

  10. A Nail in the Coffin… • The Hutu president’s airplane was shot down (Habyarimana) killing the president and other officials • Who do you think was blamed for this assasination? • The Tutsis. …within hours of the president being killed the retribution and mass killing of Tutsi CIVILIANS began… ((It is commonly believed that it was actually a Hutu extremist who shot the plane down to incite the genocide))

  11. Cockroaches • The presidential guard and radio propaganda encouraged Hutus to mobilize • The radio broadcasts called for a final war to ‘exterminate the cockroaches’…during the genocide it gave names of Tutsis and instructed the killers on where to find them • The Interahamwe was the main Hutu group carrying out the killings • The US evacuates all Americans and all French, Italian, and Belgians are evacuated by troops from their countries…those troops did not stay to help the conflict. They did not stay to stop the genocide.

  12. Weapons of Mass Destruction • The Hutus primarily used machetes, clubs, sticks, grenades and guns to carry out their mass genocide • Some of the worst massacres took place in churches • The cries for help from the Tutsis and those UN peacekeepers on the ground went unheeded • The world watched as one-tenth of the Rwandan population was executed • The Tutsis were helpless. • No one does anything while innocent men, women and children are being killed every second of every day • Often times the Hutu’s who participated in the genocide were civilians promised Tutsi land/fields (crops to feed their families)…they frequently had to kill their OWN Tutsi neighbors and friends ((pause to hear testimony of survivors)) Machetes used in the attacks

  13. Timeline April 7: 8,000 April 9: 32,000 April 15: 64,000 April 16: 72,000 April 19: 100,000 April 21,22: 112,000 April 25: 144,000 April 27: 160,000 April 28: 168,000 May 1: 200,000 May 3: 216,000 May 5: 232,000 May 13: 296,000 May 17: 328,000 May 25: 392,000 June 22: 616,000 July 17: Day 100: Between 800,000-1 MILLION RWANDANS KILLED

  14. The Genocide Ends…in Rwanda • The genocide of the Hutus against the minority Tutsis ends with the Tutsi RPF (RPF: Rwandan Patriotic Front– Tutsi exiles and descendents, refugees) • The RPF took over Kigali (the capital), the Hutu govt collapsed and a ceasefire was established • An International Tribunal in Tanzania has been established to try the higher up officials who participated in the genocide… • Since the atrocities 34 have been convicted and there are still roughly 30 on trial

  15. “Between 800,000 and 1,071,00 Tutsis, including some moderate Hutus, were murdered. Many more were mutilated, maimed or physically scarred for life. The mental anguish and the trauma cannot be measured” – Holocaust Memorial Museum

  16. What can WE do? ??

  17. What about DARFUR?

  18. Resources • BBC has very comprehensive Rwandan genocide resources http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3594187.stm http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/africa/2004/rwanda/default.stm • The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum has fantastic resources on genocide http://www.ushmm.org/genocide/take_action/genocide • Hotel Rwanda is an excellent movie BUT you need to watch it with a parent/guardian • Ghosts of Rwanda is a documentary on the genocide but is very difficult to watch and again, you need to watch it with a parent/guardian and I would advise waiting until you are older so you can fully process everything

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