How much discrimination actually occurs?

1. DISCRIMINATIONdenying opportunities or rights because of prejudice (stemming from racism, sexism, homophobia, etc.)

2. How much discrimination actually occurs?

3. What story do you tell yourself about these numbers? White - 8.7 percent Black - 14.7 percent Hispanic - 12.2 percent Asian - 8.4 percent Native Amer. - highest Unemployment Rate June 2009

4. Researchers sent out 5,000 resumes that were identical except for the name. Group One Group Two Tamika Ebony Aisha Rasheed Kareem Julio Malika Sharnise • Marianne • Brett • Greg • Jill • Anne • Emily • Amanda • Neil First Study

5. Those resumes with white sounding names elicited 50 percent more responses than resumes with black/brown sounding names:1:10 vs. 1:15What response would people receive who are named Ahmed, Ali, Reza, Abdullah, Maryam, or Nura?

6. “The Mark of a Criminal Record” Issue: • Over 2 million people are currently incarcerated in U.S. • 95% of all inmates are eventually released • Over 12 million ex-felons live in the U.S. • Roughly 8% of the working-age population Research Question What are the employment outcomes of black and white men when they have a criminal record? Second Study

7. “The Mark of a Criminal Record” Methodology • matched pairs of individuals (“testers”) applied for real jobs • test whether employers respond differently to applicants on the basis of race and criminal record Four Testers: two black - two white • 23 years old • matched exactly on appearance, style of presentation, and personal background

8. “The Mark of a Criminal Record” The white and black men took turns claiming to have a criminal record • Felony drug charge (possession with intent to distribute cocaine) • 18 months in prison Out of 350 job possibilities, which group (white or black) received the most call backs?

9. “The Mark of a Criminal”Percent Receiving Callbacks

10. In a replicated study using the same controls, Hispanics received less favorable treatment than whites 20 percent of the time.

12. Mortgage Discrimination-2005 Tester studies regularly reveal that blacks, Latinos, and Native Americans routinely receive: • Less loan product information from banks • Less time with bank loan officers • Higher interest rate quotes

13. Mortgage Discrimination-2005 THEY ALSO REVEAL THAT: • Blacks were twice as likely as whites to be denied a 30 year loan • Latinos were 1.5 times as likely as whites to be denied a 30 year loan • Blacks, Latinos and Asians routinely pay higher mortgage rates than whites with equal income, status, wealth, education, etc.

14. 60-80% of the black/brown housing testers faced discrimination when they go to a landlord or an apartment manager looking for rental housing compared to the white-paired partner. - According to research by Joe Feagin - 2004

15. Percentage of Americans holding strong anti-Jewish attitudes. • 1966: 33% of Americans felt that Jews had “too much power” • 2010: 12% of Americans felt that Jews had “too much power”

16. Home Ownership and Race • White – 75.8% • Black – 48.2 • Asian/PI – 60.1 • Hispanic – 49.5 • American Indian – 58.2 • Other – 59.2 SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau (2005)

17. Latent Discrimination and Prejudice

18. “Latent Prejudice” occurs when: people endorse egalitarian values and consider themselves non-prejudiced but… 1. harbor unconscious negative feelings about other groups 2. discriminate in subtle ways that people don’t even see or can easily rationalize away

19. This is the first layer of “latent prejudice” “But I am a banana eating jungle monkey” You send out an email in which you refer to a given black man as a “banana-eating jungle monkey”…it’s pretty certain that you cannot say (with a straight face): "I have so many friends of every type of culture and race you can name. I am not a racist.” – Officer Justin Barrett, Boston City Police Department, who referred to Henry Louis Gates in this way in a mass email

20. However, few people ever have to justify latent prejudice because they never see it.

21. If my partner and I could not have children and we were going to adopt, I would be willing to adopt a child with racial ancestry other than my own (or that of my partner). • Strongly Agree • Agree • Neutral • Disagree • Strongly Disagree

22. If my partner and I could not have children and we were going to use the sperm or the egg of another person, I would be willing to use the sperm or egg of a person with racial ancestry other than my own (or that of my partner). • Strongly Agree • Agree • Neutral • Disagree • Strongly Disagree

23. How could you consider yourself to be free of racism and still NOT answer “strongly agree” to either of these statements?

24. Next to whom are they most likely to sit? • White woman • Black woman • Asian woman • Muslim woman

25. How could we ever control for the many things that are going through the minds of people as they do this exercise?

27. Will white people offer assistance to people of color as readily as they assist other white people – and vice versa? • White subjects thought themselves to be bystanders or witnesses an emergency • The victims were either black/brown or white • As solo bystanders, the race of victim did not matter • But what happened when there were other bystanders present? • They all asked themselves the following questions: • Will they help or should I? If they don’t help, does that mean it’s not really an emergency? If they all help, perhaps I don’t have to?

28. ANSWER: They helped victims of color half as oftenas they helped white victims. Does this mean they’re racist? QUESTION: How about the helping behavior of People of Color? They helped white victims almost as often as they helped victims of color.

29. Learning from the Findings 1. Helping behavior increases when the victim is most like us or when we relate to the victim in some way 2. It also increases when we expect to see the victim again 3. People who are most likely to help others of different groups are people who have had greater contact with those groups - they saw “victims” as being like them

34. Who do you feel is more “comfortable in their body”? • My sister • My brother • They’re equally comfortable

38. Muslims in the U.S.Is the glass half full or half empty?

39. What do you take from this video? this is what we’re arguing about. Is the glass half full or half empty?

40. How will their lives be affected by the backgrounds of their friends?

41. How about these kids?

42. Or these?

43. Residents of the White House

44. “Latent Prejudice” occurs when: people endorse egalitarian values and consider themselves non-prejudiced but… 1. harbor unconscious negative feelings about other groups 2. discriminate in subtle ways that people don’t even see or can easily rationalize away

45. What is the education of your parents? • Both are high school graduates (or less) • One or both went to college but never graduated • One has graduated from a 4-year college • Both have graduated from a 4-year college • At least one has earned more than a 4-year college degree

46. What about poor white people?

47. Of the 43.6 million people living below the poverty line in the U.S. in 2010, what percentage are white? • 12 percent • 20 percent • 34 percent • 47 percent • 58 percent

48. Poverty in the U.S. (2010)White = 20.5 millionPeople of Color = 22.8 million ** In 2000, white people outnumbered people of color in terms of total poverty

49. Tammy’s Story

50. Discussion Questions For Students of Color: • What do you think white people expect people of color to say about Tammy? • What do you think white people want to hear people of color say about Tammy? For White Students: • What do you think people of color will say about Tammy? • What would you like to hear people of color say about Tammy?