8.2 Mosses, Hornworts, and Liverworts 8.3 Ferns and their Relatives

1. Simple Plants 8.2 Mosses, Hornworts, and Liverworts8.3 Ferns and their Relatives

2. Nonvascular Plants • All nonvascular plants are low-growing plants that lack vascular tissue. • Vascular tissue is a system of tube like structures that transport water and other materials.

3. Nonvascular Plants • These plants cannot grow very wide or tall; nonvascular plants are small and grow low to the ground. Moss Gametophyte Moss Sporophyte

4. Nonvascular Plants • lack roots, must obtain water and minerals directly from surroundings • live where water is plentiful • even nonvascular plants that live in drier areas need enough water for reproduction.

5. Mosses • most diverse group of nonvascular plants • Have structures that LOOK like leaves and stems (but they aren’t!)

6. Mosses • Don’t have roots, but thin root-like structures called rhizoids anchor the moss and absorb water and nutrients from the soil.

7. Liverworts and Hornworts • Liverworts are named for the shape of the plant’s body, which looks somewhat like a human liver.

8. Liverworts and Hornworts • found growing on moist rocks or soil along the sides of a stream. Most grow flat along the ground

9. Liverworts and Hornworts • The hornlike sporophytes give these plants their names. • live in moist soil, often mixed in with grass plants.

10. Characteristics of Seedless Vascular Plants • Ferns and their relatives have vascular tissue and use spores to reproduce. • Vascular plants are better suited to life on land than are nonvascular plants.

11. Characteristics of Seedless Vascular Plants • Vascular tissue transports water and food quickly and efficiently throughout the plant’s body. • strengthens the plant’s body

12. Characteristics of Seedless Vascular Plants • Ferns, club mosses, and horsetails still need to grow in moist surroundings because they use spores for reproduction.

13. Ferns • Ferns have true stems, roots, and leaves. • Roots are structures that anchor the fern to the ground and absorb water and nutrients from the soil.

14. Ferns • The fern’s leaves are called fronds. • developing leaves are coiled at first and they resemble the top of a violin, so they are often called fiddleheads.

15. Ferns • On the underside of mature fronds, spores develop in tiny spore cases called sori.

16. Club Mosses and Horsetails • Club mosses and horsetails have true leaves, stems, and roots. • few species survive today

17. Club Mosses and Horsetails • The stems of horsetails are jointed. Long, coarse, needlelike branches grow in a circle around each joint.