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What Happened?

What Happened?. EQ: Explain the major events leading to SC’s Secession from the Union. Sectionalism. Sectionalism - excessive concern for the interests of one group or area to the detriment of the whole. Developed in the period after ratification of the Constitution

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What Happened?

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  1. What Happened? EQ: Explain the major events leading to SC’s Secession from the Union.

  2. Sectionalism Sectionalism - excessive concern for the interests of one group or area to the detriment of the whole Developed in the period after ratification of the Constitution as the economies, cultures, and political interests of the North and South became more and more different. Harm disadvantage

  3. Differences Northdeveloped as a trading region of small farmers and the South developed the plantation system. All regions had slavery prior to the American Revolution After the AR Northern states passed laws to gradually emancipate their slaves. Invention of the cotton gin led the South to become more economically dependent on slave labor as the North became more industrial.

  4. Please view Northern Cities: Free Labor A Segment of: The American Civil War: The Causes of War Here is the link:http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=39C31317-D8C4-466A-AB1D-CCCCDF550A0A Southern Plantations and Farms: Slave Labor A Segment of: The American Civil War: The Causes of War Here is the link: • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=DAD10B5C-18E2-4204-AE5D-49580A5131D8

  5. Immigration In the North: • Industry in the North attracted European immigrants to jobs – which allowed the North to have a larger representation in Congress In the South: • Immigrants were not attracted to the South in large numbers • Slave numbers continued to rise even after the international slave trade was outlawed (1808) due to “natural increase” and smuggling. Why?

  6. Event: Missouri Compromise Issue: Northworried about Missourijoining the Union as a slave state There were an equal number (11) of slave and free states This was the 1st state to join from the Louisiana Purchase and whatever decision was made would impact future states as well

  7. Please View: The Missouri Compromise A Segment of: Just the Facts: Documents of Destiny: Nationalism and Change http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=76505326-25E3-45FE-BA81-FE94C436F71D&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US The Missouri Compromise A Segment of: The American Civil War: The Causes of War http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=CAF4B3EA-F8DB-4CD7-A4C2-36B29FD9197E

  8. Why would balance be more important in the Senate? Result & Significance: Compromise… • admit Missouri as a slave state • admit Maine as a free state (keeping the balance (12 each) in the Senate between free & slave states) • Divided new territories at 36o30’N. Slavery was banned north of this line and allowed south of it Americans torn between feelings of nationalism and sectionalism

  9. Missouri Compromise (1820) Maine admitted as a free state. Missouri admitted as a slave state. This gave each region 24 Senate seats faculty.umf.maine.edu/~walters/web%20103/outl... The Missouri Compromise was designed to maintain the balance of power between the North and South.

  10. Missouri Compromise (1820) Maine - Free Territories where slavery is banned by Congress (free soil) Free States 1819 - 22 states (11 free/11 slave) If equal, neither could force legislation on the other. Compromise Line 36°30’ N Missouri - Slave Slave States Compromise gave each region 24 Senate Seats Territory where slavery is allowed by Congress (slave territory)

  11. Protective Tariff Raise import taxes on goods from foreign countries ….make them more expensive than US goods …so people will buy US “stuff” Benefited- emerging industries in the North Hurt – agricultural South by make them pay more for goods whether from the US or from GB

  12. Please view: Tariffs on American vs. European Manufacturing A Segment of: The American Civil War: The Causes of War Here is the link: http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=5D5AB035-DEE2-40EA-9D1A-5BB2A5E37D91

  13. US Congress passed tariff in 1828 • John C Calhoun wrote “SC Exposition and Protest” – document saying it was within a state’s right to declare a law unconstitutional and “nullify” it through a special state convention John C. Calhoun was the US Vice President This idea threatened the unity of the US and was greatly debated across the country! In SC, people split into “Nullifiers” & “Unionists”

  14. Please read textbook p. 173-174 VI. The Nullification Controversy p. 174-175 VII. A National Debate on Nullification p. 175 VIII. Nullifiers vs. Unionists Then answer the related textbook questions on p. 178 (total of 10 questions)

  15. ritter.tea.state.tx.us

  16. Event: Nullification Crisis of 1832 Issue: • The US government issued another protective tariff to benefit northern manufactured goods. • SC called a meeting to nullify, or abolish the tariff. (Why? What was the argument?) • John C. Calhoun (from SC) • resigned as Vice President of the US • was elected to the Senate • was the greatest voice against the tariff and for Nullification

  17. Please view The Bank of the United States and the "Nullification Crisis," 1832-1833 A Segment of: America's Era of Expansion and Reform: America under Andrew Jackson Here is the link: http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=ED36D882-5DFB-4221-A9A0-D52B011A7FC6&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

  18. Read “Calhoun Article” and complete the “Calhoun Article Reading Guide” This should be turned in to your teacher

  19. Result & Significance: • At a convention called to discuss what to do, SC nullified the tariff;however, none of the other southern states supported SC • President Andrew Jackson and Northerners were outraged. • Pres. Jackson had Congress pass a “Force Bill” authorizing the national government to send troops into SC • A compromise ended the crisis by Congress lowering the tariff & SC withdrawing the Nullification Act

  20. Event: Compromise of 1850 Issue: California wanted to enter as a free state. Ca had been gained in the treaty ending the Mexican War. When gold was discovered (1849) people flocked to Ca. People did not want to compete with slave owners who could have their slaves mine for gold so Ca applied for admission to the US as a “free soil” state. Southerners were angry because this would upset the balance of slave and free states

  21. Result & Significance: Compromise… • Admit California as a free state • Outlaw slave trade in Washington D.C. • Rest of Mexican Cession (Utah & New Mexico Territories) would be able to vote to decide if they wanted to be slave or free soil states ~ called “Popular Sovereignty” • Fugitive Slave Act(very controversial in “free soil” states)

  22. Warning poster about the Fugitive Slave Act in Boston

  23. Please view: Compromise of 1850 and the Fugitive Slave Act A Segment of: Just the Facts: Documents of Destiny: Compromise and Conflict Here is the link: http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=10A0EE83-08A3-4C8D-A5CC-13F60BEA8097

  24. Allowing California to enter as a free state gave the North a majority in the Senate But…Utah and New Mexico territories were allowed slavery if they chose it. Also, Fugitive Slave law required escaped slaves be returned to the South http://www.civilwarhistory.com/slavetrade/comp1850.gif

  25. Compromise of 1850 Territories where slavery is banned by Congress (free territories) Utah Terr. Free States Slavery decision left to the territory Missouri Compromise Line Free State Slave States New Mexico Terr. Allowing California to enter as a free state gave the North a majority in the Senate Territory where slavery is allowed by Congress (slave territory)

  26. Event: Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) Issue: Some politicians (Northerners) wanted to build a transcontinental RR through Kansas. Jefferson Davis wanted the RR to take a southern route. To get the northern route approved through Congress, southern support would be needed So… Congress repealed the Missouri Compromise line giving settlers in the Kansas-Nebraska Territory a right to vote to determine if slavery would be allowed Remember the Senate!

  27. Please view: Kansas-Nebraska Act & the Doctrine of Popular Sovereignty A Segment of: Just the Facts: Documents of Destiny: Compromise and Conflict Here is the link: • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=ED023B66-77D0-48D5-87CE-F22FFF95CCAD

  28. Because this act left the decision up to a vote both pro and anti-slavery groups rushed into the area. This resulted in fighting that resulted in the nickname “Bleeding Kansas.” wps.ablongman.com/long_divine_appap_7/0,9455,...

  29. Territories where slavery is banned by Congress (free territories) Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) Nebraska Terr. Slavery decision left to the territory Utah Terr. Free States Kansas Terr. Free State New Mexico Terr. Slave States Because this act left the decision up to a vote both pro and anti-slavery groups rushed into the area. This resulted in fighting that resulted in the nickname “Bleeding Kansas.” Territory where slavery is allowed by Congress (slave territory)

  30. Result & Significance: • Renewed the sectional disputes between North South. • Fighting began between anti-slavery proslavery supporters who rushed into Kansas. Why? The event was called “Bleeding Kansas.” Northern and Southern Democrats begin to split over the issue of slavery.

  31. Voteview.org/images

  32. As an example of the developing rift between sections of the country, please view: The Palmetto Special: Brooks-Sumner Affair (I warn you the acting is pretty bad – but you will get good information. I hope you can enjoy the bad acting Here is the link: http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=6AAC0979-7FAC-4881-99A1-1819508FC4EF&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

  33. Read More About It Read about the Brooks-Sumner Incident in the textbook p. 216-217 XII. South Carolina and the Crisis over Kansas then answer the related questions on p. 223 (total of 3 questions)

  34. Event: Dred Scott Decision (1857) Issue: Dred Scott ~ a slave sued for his freedom saying he wasn’t property because his “owner” had previously taken him for an extended period of time into an area where slavery was not allowed by law. With the help of abolitionists, he sued for his freedom “Once Free, Always Free”

  35. Result & Significance: The Supreme Court decided against Dred Scott because: • African Americans were not citizens of the US, even if born here therefore, they had no right to sue in the Supreme Court ~in fact, they had no rights at all • Scott (slave) was property and the federal government could not take away property The Supreme Court further ruled: Congress could not limit the expansion of slavery into territories Southern Democrats but Northerners

  36. Northerners were angry the Supreme Court was denying democratic decisions ~ Popular sovereignty the right for the people of a state to chose to outlaw slavery • Southerners applauded the decision ~ protecting property Debates over this issue took place all over the country. One of the people who became well known in these debates was Abraham Lincoln Democratic Party Split!

  37. Please view: Dred Scott v. Sanford A Segment of: Just the Facts: Documents of Destiny: Compromise and Conflict Here is the link: http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=3A0C3E5B-47C8-47E6-A6F0-0F7185609030

  38. Event: Abolitionist Movement Issue: Abolitionists - people who supported the end of slavery in the US. (Ex: supported Dred Scott in his plea before the Supreme Court) • grew in the North • although not popular among most northerners • made slave owners in SC more determined to hold onto slavery

  39. Sarah & Angelina Grimke Active in the abolitionist movement in SC After Denmark Vesey plot uncovered, forced to either leave SC or stay silent What did they choose to do? Leave

  40. Abolitionist Publications Movement grew with publications of anti-slavery newspapers • Ex: The Liberator by William L. Garrison Postmasters across SC removed from mails what they considered inflammatory materials, including anti- slavery newspapers.

  41. Harriet Beecher Stowe • wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Helped movement grow in North by evoking sympathy for slaves. • Called a lie in South Carolina truckandbarter.com www.ccsd.edu/link/LMS/CivilWarDBQ/doc4.htm

  42. Abolitionist movement was ineffective in persuading SC to abolish slavery… …saw this “peculiar institution” as a positive good. How could this point of view be justified?

  43. Please view: Abolitionists A Segment of: Causes of the Civil War Here is the link: • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=7ef48685-f0d1-44fc-96b9-178dfac9a54c&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=HUB

  44. Underground Railroad Abolitionists manned the Underground Railroad Ineffective in SC… since state too far from border with free states to make escape route effective.

  45. Event: John Brown and Harper’s Ferry Issue: John Brown – abolitionist who believed in the right to do away with slavery, even if violence was required. (had participated in bloody massacre of several pro-slavery people in Kansas – remember “bleeding Kansas”) Attempted to stir up slaves to join in revolt

  46. Oct. 16, 1859 - Brown and his followers captured the arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia (Arsenal – storehouse of military goods ~ guns & ammunition) Result & Significance: • US Army stormed the arsenal and Brown and his followers were killed or captured • John Brown was later hanged. • Brown became a symbol of freedom and was considered a martyr in the North ~ martyr = one who gives his life for a cause Evoked a fear of slave rebellion among southerners How do you think he was viewed in the South?

  47. Please view: Smithsonian Institution: Raid on Harpers Ferry Here is the link: http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=31031755-70AF-42FD-987A-21D944D20BCB&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

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