Download
1 / 33
330 likes | 440 Vues
OKAN ÜNDAĞ ÖNDER CAPKUR MUSTAFA YAVUZ. NUCLEAR ENERGY.
E N D
OKAN ÜNDAĞ ÖNDER CAPKUR MUSTAFA YAVUZ
Nuclear power is the use of sustained Nuclear fission to produce heat and do useful work. Nuclear Electric Plants capture nuclear energy by heating water to produce steam, while in space, nuclear energy is used to heat a gas, which expands in a Stirling engine.
Nuclear energy is a form of energy that is produced from uranium. Uranium is a heavy metal that is found in most rocks as well as in the ocean. The nuclear reactors that create the nuclear energy from uranium use nuclear fission.
Nuclear power is energy which is produced with the use of a controlled nuclear reaction. Many nations use nuclear power plants to generate electricity for both civilian and military use, and some nations also utilize nuclear power to run parts of their naval fleets, especially submarines.
Some people favor an expansion of nuclear power plants because this form of energy is considered cleaner than fossil fuels such as coal, although nuclear power comes with a number of problems which must be addressed, including the safe disposal of radioactive waste products.
The only purpose of a nuclear power plant is to produce electricity. To produce electricity, a power plant needs a source of heat to boil water which becomes steam
The steam then turns a turbine, the turbine turns an electrical generator, and the generator produces electricity. In fossil fuel plants the source of heat is burning coal, oil, or gas. In a nuclear plant the source of heat is a nuclear reactor. Although the basic process is simple, making it work is rather complicated.
We know that power plants operating on thermal energy, water kinetic energy etc have several limitations in that they are dependent on availability of natural resources such as water, coal and so forth. These resources have a limited availability and also resources like water depend on seasonal variations of climate and therefore cannot be depended upon entirely. Hence nuclear energy provides an advantage over other sources of energy in such circumstances.
Nuclear power provides about 6% of the world's energy and 13–14% of the world's electricity,with the U.S., France, and Japan together accounting for about 50% of nuclear generated electricity.Also, more than 150 naval vessels using nuclear propulsion have been built.
Nuclear power is controversial and there is an ongoing debate about the use of nuclear energy.Proponents, such as the World Nuclear Association and IAEA, contend that nuclear power is a sustainable energy source that reduces carbon emissions.Opponents, such as Greenpeace International and NIRS, believe that nuclear power poses many threats to people and the environment.
Some serious nuclear and radiation accidents have occurred. Nuclear power plant accidents include the Chernobyl disaster (1986), Fukushima I nuclear accidents (2011), and the Three Mile Island accident (1979).
Nuclear-powered submarine mishaps include the K-19 reactor accident (1961), the K-27 reactor accident (1968),and the K-431 reactor accident (1985). International research is continuing into safety improvements such as passively safe plants,and the possible future use of nuclear fusion.
Today, only eight countries are known to have a nuclear weapons capability. By contrast, 56 operate civil research reactors, and 30 host some 440 commercial nuclear power reactors with a total installed capacity of over 377,000 MWe (see table).
This is more than three times the total generating capacity of France or Germany from all sources. Over 60 further nuclear power reactors are under construction, equivalent to 17% of existing capacity, while over 150 are firmly planned, equivalent to 46% of present capacity.
Sixteen countries depend on nuclear power for at least a quarter of their electricity. France gets around three quarters of its power from nuclear energy, while Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, Slovenia and Ukraine get one third or more. Japan, Germany and Finland get more than a quarter of their power from nuclear energy, while in the USA one fifth is from nuclear. Among countries which do not host nuclear power plants, Italy gets about 10% of its power from nuclear, and Denmark about 8%.
1)The Earth has limited supplies of coal and oil. Nuclear power plants could still produce electricity after coal and oil become scarce.
2) Nuclear power plants need less fuel than ones which burn fossil fuels. One ton of uranium produces more energy than is produced by several million tons of coal or several million barrels of oil.
3) Coal and oil burning plants pollute the air. Well-operated nuclear power plants do not release contaminants into the environment.
The nations of the world now have more than enough nuclear bombs to kill every person on Earth. The two most powerful nations -- Russia and the United States -- have about 50,000 nuclear weapons between them. What if there were to be a nuclear war? What if terrorists got their hands on nuclear weapons? Or what if nuclear weapons were launched by accident?
1) One possible type of reactor disaster is known as a meltdown. In such an accident, the fission reaction goes out of control, leading to a nuclear explosion and the emission of great amounts of radiation.
2) Nuclear explosions produce radiation. The nuclear radiation harms the cells of the body which can make people sick or even kill them. Illness can strike people years after their exposure to nuclear radiation.
3) In 1979, the cooling system failed at the Three Mile Island nuclear reactor near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Radiation leaked, forcing tens of thousands of people to flee. The problem was solved minutes before a total meltdown would have occurred. Fortunately, there were no deaths.
4) In 1986, a much worse disaster struck Russia's Chernobyl nuclear power plant. In this incident, a large amount of radiation escaped from the reactor. Hundreds of thousands of people were exposed to the radiation. Several dozen died within a few days. In the years to come, thousands more may die of cancers induced by the radiation.
5) Nuclear reactors also have waste disposal problems. Reactors produce nuclear waste products which emit dangerous radiation. Because they could kill people who touch them, they cannot be thrown away like ordinary garbage. Currently, many nuclear wastes are stored in special cooling pools at the nuclear reactors.
