Proprietary Carolina Chapter 5a

1. Proprietary CarolinaChapter 5a 8-1.3: Summarize the history of English settlement in New England, the mid-Atlantic region, and the South, with an emphasis on South Carolina as an example of a distinctly southern colony 8-1.4: Explain the significance of enslaved and free Africans in the developing culture and economy of the South and South Carolina, including the growth of the slave trade and resulting population imbalance between African and European settlers; African contributions to agricultural development; and resistance to slavery, including the Stono Rebellion and subsequent laws to control slaves. 8-1.5: Explain how South Carolinians used their natural, human, and political resources uniquely to gain economic prosperity, including settlement by and trade with the people of Barbados, rice and indigo planting, and the practice of mercantilism.

2. Chapter 5 Timeline • 1566 Spain attempts Ft San Felipe on the remains of Charles Fort’s • 1576 Spain attempts Ft San Marcos on the remains Ft San Felipe’s • 1607 Jamestown, VA is the First permanent English settlement in America • 1619 Africans first arrive in America • 1663 Carolina colony given to Lord Proprietors 1566 Spain attempts Ft San Felipe on Charles Fort’s remains 1663 Carolina colony given to Lord Proprietors 1576 Spain attempts Ft San Marcos on Ft San Felipe’s remains 1607 Jamestown, VA 1st permanent settlement in America 1619 Africans first arrive in America

3. The Charter of Carolina • In 1649, during a revolution in England, King Charles I was executed • His sons were able to escape to France • Where they stayed until it was safe to come back • On May 8, 1660, Charles II (oldest son of Charles I) became King of England King Charles I King Charles II

4. The Charter of Carolina • King Charles II issued a charter that gave 8 men land in America • As thanks for helping him get the throne back • Opportunity for them to earn money • They became known as the Lords Proprietors Charter of Carolina

5. The Charter of Carolina The land given to the Lords Proprietors: • Everything from the top of Florida to the bottom of Virginia, • From the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean • They called the colony Carolina

6. The Charter of Carolina The proprietors were wealthy, titled land owners in England (investors) • The charter gave them control of the government of the colony • Carolina colony started as a proprietary colony BUT… • The proprietors never left England & made all of the laws for Carolina without ever seeing it

7. The Charter of Carolina In 1664 Barbadians -people from Barbados Island • Attempted to establish a colony named Charles Town near Cape Fear, NC • It failed within 3 years because of hostile Native Americans and… • Lacked the Lords Proprietors’ support Location of Cape Fear

8. _____ ______ _______ ________started the successful Charles Town colony on Albemarle Point. • He got money to start the colony by asking the other proprietors to______ ______. • How did the proprietors plan to get my from the colony?

9. Charles Town Begins Lord Anthony Ashley Cooper, One of the Lord’s Proprietors, started the successful Charles Town colony on Albemarle Pointby finally asking the other proprietors to invest money in the colony. In return for their investment, they would make $$ from the settlers by collecting a Quitrent = Rent They had to pay the king a small amount each year, but It was minimal compared to the $$ they were making Lord Anthony Ashley Cooper

10. Charles Town Begins Fleas would bite infected rats and give the disease to humans by biting them. Finding settlers to move to Carolina fairly easy • The Bubonic Plague • transmitted by fleas on the brown rat, swept through England • started in part by houses being too close together & poor sanitation • The Great London Fire burned a large portion of the city • Helped to stop the spread of the plague Brown Rat London, 1611 The Great London Fire

11. Charles Town Begins The settlers left England in August, 1669 • They sailed to Ireland • Then on to Barbados • They picked up more passengers • Including wealthy planters and their African slaves Barbados

12. Charles Town Begins • At 1st, the settlers headed for Port Royal near Beaufort • Where Charlesfort and Ft San Marcos were located • They were welcomed by the Kiawah tribe on Bull’s Island But decided not to settle there after they inspected it • They eventually landed on the area that is now known as Charles Town Harbor Bull’s Island Charles Town Harbor

13. “Fundamental Constitution of Carolina”

14. Charles Town Begins The settlers carried with them the “Fundamental Constitution of Carolina” • Set up the nobility system the proprietors planned to set up • The government that the colonists were expected to follow • The most important thing: It guaranteed religious freedom This was the first time that a written constitution guaranteed this freedom

15. Charles Town Begins Albemarle Point in April, 1670 • The settlers eventually signed the Treaty of Madrid with Spain after the Spanish tried to destroy Charles Town • The treaty declared that all settlements NORTH of St. Augustine, FL, belonged to the English • Helped pave the way for success for Charles Town Original location of Charles Town

16. Charles Town Grows The settlers had a hard time the 1st year • surviving disease • a lack of knowledge about the climate and region • Native American attacks • Charles Town had to be moved from Albemarle Point to Oyster Point because is was poorly designed and was becoming overcrowded • The capital of the Carolina colony for many years New location of Charles Town

17. Charles Town Grows When Charles Town was moved, it was designed in a symmetrical grid to allow more room for growth. Charleston Today Colonial Charles Town

18. Charles Town Grows The Headright Method • Settlers got land based on the number of people in the family, or household • Slaves and indentured servants were included in the count • More people = • More land

19. Charles Town Grows Not everyone could afford to move to Carolina colony Wealthy landowners: • Needed laborers • Paid for passage in exchange for labor = indentured servants • Would then have to work off their debt Using the Headright Method, landowners received a lot of land This helped start the large farms of the plantation system Drayton Hall Plantation

20. List the different groups that came to the Carolina Colony in the later 1600s. (nationalities and religions) • What was the largest group to come to Carolina?

21. Charles Town Grows 1st settlers of Charles Town • Englishmen from Barbados • They already had an established plantation system Other colonistswere from Switzerland & Germany Ireland & Scotland, And even France Religious groups: Huguenots, Jews, Anglicans, and other Christian denominations Came to Carolina for freedom to worship The largest group of people to come to the colonies were African slaves from Barbados.

22. Describe how the following contributed to the Carolina colony economy: • Indian Trade • Cattle • Naval Stores • Rice

23. Carolina Economy Carolina colony’s economy grew quickly The Lords Proprietors wanted to make $$ off of the colonists’ quitrent (rent) BUT… settlers had to be able to make $ Colonists made money by trading with the Native Americans Settlers - traded guns, beads, trinkets, and alcohol Native Americans -traded furs & deerskins Colonists shipped to England to make clothes

24. Carolina Economy Settlers raised cattle • The cattle was traded to Caribbean islands for sugar • African slaves were experienced herdsmen & horsemen • Their knowledge was used to help increase the cattle trade…$$$ Carolina African slaves were the first “cowboys”

25. Carolina Economy Pine trees tapped for pitch Another way settlers got money was through naval storeswhich was used to make ships water tight • Pitch & tar were gotten from pine trees • grew all over the Carolina Colony Slaves would harvest the naval stores, as well as the wood from the trees to make barrels & buckets, hardwood for furniture, and shingles for English houses. Wooden shingles on the side of a house

26. Carolina Economy Rice Settlers made the most $$ from rice It started out as a staple crop • a crop that most people eat or can use • The early colonial rice did not grow well • Carolina Gold was brought over from Madagascar • The African slaves had grown this rice for centuries and knew everything about planting rice. Slaves in a rice field

27. The good relationship between the settlers and the Natives was ruined when…

28. Carolina Economy • Native Americans were traded as slaves • Were kidnapped or captured by rivals and sold into slavery in the Caribbean. • This ruined the settlers good relationship with the Native Americans

29. Royal Colony of Carolina 5b

30. A Divided Colony In the early years: • There was only 1 governor in Carolina • As the colony grew bigger the colonists started to argue • They complained that the Lords Proprietors were not spending the time and energy needed to effectively govern the colony

31. The Carolina Colony was ruled by _______ _________ and _________________. • The Grand Council was considered “____________________” because it controlled _________________________. The Grand Council had three groups: • ____________ • ____________ • ____________

32. A Divided Colony Carolina Colony: The Lords Proprietors ruled through • A governor and a Grand Council • The Grand Council was considered the“government for the colony” • It controlled the law making & the courts The Grand Council consisted of 3 groups: • Representatives chosen by the Lords Proprietors • Representatives elected by Carolina Nobles • Representatives of the freemen (the regular colonists)

33. A Divided Colony In 1682, the Council changed the power of the groups represented by the nobility and proprietors, and took away some of their power. • There needed to be a majority of EACH group to pass a law. (Majority Rule) • A jury system was established Names were drawn out of a box by a child to ensure fairness. The jury would then make a decision about the case brought before them. • People who were not members of the Anglican Church wouldn’t be taxed to support the Anglican Church

34. The Commons House of Assembly “ “ The Council (not Grand Council) • Consisted of _____________ The Commons House and the Council became known as the __________. Over time the Commons house gained _____ ________.

35. A Divided Colony In 1692 - The proprietors set aside the Fundamental Constitutions & created the Commons House of the Assembly • Became the voice of the people The Council then only consisted of representatives of the Proprietors • The 2 bodies (Commons House of Assembly and The Council) became known as the Assembly a bicameral legislature • Bicameral – a legislative (law making) body containing 2 houses • The Commons House gained more power

36. Northern Carolina differed from Southern Carolina • Primary northern crop… • Northern coast had… • Northern Carolina aligned itself with… What did these differences lead to?

37. A Divided Colony Geographically – The northern part of the Carolina colony never fit in: • It had sounds not harbors • Tobacco was the cash crop, not rice • It had close ties with Virginia shipping ports 1689, Carolina colony was split North Carolina & South Carolina

38. A Divided Colony In 1680, The Proprietors stopped using the headright method • Decided it was time to stop granting free land • Proprietors made settlers sign contracts that required them to pay rent on the land • Colonists became upset because they wanted to own the land free of rent

39. A Divided Colony Other Problems: The Barbadians • About ½ of the population of the colony • Thought they deserved more power • Got angry when the governor that they liked was forced out by the Lords Proprietors The colony needed strong leadership, but got fighting instead

40. Fighting the Spanish • In 1702 Carolina attacked __ ___________. • Describe the attack and a mishap

41. Conflicts in the Colony • The Spanish had been attacking settlers in the southern part of Carolina colony. • When the Spanish king died, England attacked Spain to keep his land from going to his closest relative who was French. • With 500 colonists, Carolina attacked St. Augustine in 1702 • They laid siege against the city for six weeks, which ended when South Carolinians burned the settlement. Unfortunately, they also burned their own ships and had to walk home In 1706 the Spanish retaliated, attacking Charles Town. The fighting finally ended in 1714

42. The Tuscarora War • Where and When? • Describe what happened and why • Phase 1 • Phase 2 • Phase 3

43. The Indian Wars Colonists were constantly fighting with Native Americans • One conflict with the Tuscarora tribe occurred in 1711 in North Carolina • The Tuscarora massacred several families when they heard that Swiss colonists were going to push them off their land • South Carolina responded by sending 500 friendly Native Americans and 30 settlers. • A peace treaty was signed but by 1712, they were fighting again • South Carolina stayed until the end of the war, and Tuscarora were wiped out as a threat

44. The Yemassee War • When and Where? • Describe what happened

45. Conflicts in the Colony The Yemassee War (1715-1717) Involved almost every Native American tribe that traded with the settlers This was fought entirely within South Carolina. • The Yemassee attacked Port Royal • Because traders had charged high prices and cheated them in business deals 1st the militia defeated the Yemassee After a 2nd attack, the Cherokee helped the settlers The 3rd phase of this war lasted until the peace treaty was signed Thomas Hepworth House in Beaufort has gun ports in basement on the back of the house to help defend against Yemassee attacks

46. What happened to the Yemassee after the war? • What did the colonist gain after the war?

47. Conflicts in the Colony By the end of the war… • Most of the Yemassee were dead • The survivors moved back to Florida and were absorbed into the Seminoles This war lasted longer & cost more: $$ and lives than any other Native American war In the end - more land was open to settlement Colonists learned to depend on themselves, and not the Lords Proprietors, for protection Proprietors Colonists

48. The Proprietors thought the colonists • ___________________ • ____________________ • The colonist thought the Proprietors • _______________ • ________________

49. Conflict Between Proprietors and Colonists Colonists felt: • The proprietors were too far away • Not investing enough money or supplies in the colony The Proprietors felt: • That the colonists were not obedient enough • Where costing them valuable profits Proprietors Colonists

50. Describe the difference between a proprietary colony and a royal colony. • What happened to SC in 1729