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Disturbance: Introduction, with a terrestrial bias

Disturbance: Introduction, with a terrestrial bias. Peter White, Biology/Ecology 255, Sept 9, 2005. Outline. A personal history Definition and significance Importance Search for generality Discussion. Outline. A personal history Definition and significance Importance

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Disturbance: Introduction, with a terrestrial bias

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  1. Disturbance:Introduction, with a terrestrial bias Peter White, Biology/Ecology 255, Sept 9, 2005

  2. Outline A personal history Definition and significance Importance Search for generality Discussion

  3. Outline A personal history Definition and significance Importance Search for generality Discussion IDH, niche and neutrality; Large scale behavior: Criticality, HRV, Resilience; Legacy and History matters; Top-down and bottom-up control and the Healthy Forest Initiative; Restoration…

  4. Dartmouth, 1970s

  5. William S. CooperESA’s Cooper Award Cooper, W.S. 1926. The fundamentals of vegetation change. Ecology 7:391-413.

  6. Cowles

  7. Cowles…Cooper…

  8. Cowles…Cooper…Buell…

  9. Cowles…Cooper…Buell…Reiners…

  10. Cowles…Cooper…Buell…Reiners…ME!

  11. Cowles…Cooper…Buell…Reiners…ME! W.A.R.

  12. Watt, A.S. 1947. Pattern and process in the plant community. Journal of Ecology 35:1-22.

  13. Pattern and process in a forested ecosystem Pattern and process in cliff ecosystems Pattern and process in mangrove ecosystems Pattern and process in neotropical secondary rain forests Pattern and process in the dynamics of seed banks Pattern, process, and prediction in aquatic ecology. Spatial pattern and process in plant-pathogen interactions Pattern, process, and predictability: the use of neutral models for landscape analysis Landscape ecology: the effect of pattern on process.

  14. Watt, A.S. 1923. On the ecology of British beechwoods with special reference to their regeneration. Journal of Ecology 11:1-48.

  15. The Leopold Report, 1963

  16. Excitements! • Succession did not start from equally blank slates

  17. Excitements! • Succession did not start from equally blank slates • Disturbance was inevitable

  18. 27 Cove Trees of Joyce Kilmer Memorial Forest +10 more Ns Bl Al Cg Ps Dv Ba Af Ca Hc Th Mf Lt Fa Qr As Hv Fg Ma Tc Mt Im Io Cd Ar Ap Cf

  19. Excitements! • Succession did not start from equally blank slates • Disturbance was inevitable • Diversity dependent on recurrent disturbance

  20. Excitements! • Succession did not start from equally blank slates • Disturbance was inevitable • Diversity dependent on recurrent disturbance • Chance and transient dynamics

  21. “Shakespeare, he’s in the alley”--Bob Dylan, Stuck Inside of Mobile with the Memphis Blues Again, Blonde on Blonde

  22. “Shakespeare, he’s in the alley”--Bob Dylan, Stuck Inside of Mobile with the Memphis Blues Again, Blonde on Blonde

  23. “Death of The Climax”Missouri Botanical Garden, 1978

  24. Henry Cowles 1899 Lake Michigan Sand Dunes

  25. “Death of The Climax”Missouri Botanical Garden, 1978 b. Chicago, Illinois, 1899 d. St.Louis, Missouri, 1978 Climax

  26. Changes… • Academic lineage question • Language requirements

  27. Changes… • Academic lineage question • Language requirements • Reprint request cards

  28. Changes… • Academic lineage question • Language requirements • Reprint request cards • Nature of the thesis • New journals

  29. Subscriptions to journals and journal loyalty -- we read more now but less in any one journal, and typically in digital format. And, our method of discovery is altogether different – Bob Peet www.unc.edu/scholcomdig/whitepapers/peet.pdf

  30. Species response to disturbance (from Vogl 1974) • Increasers • Decreasers • Invaders • Retreaters • Integrators • Neutral species

  31. Questions for the Semester • What have we learned? • What generalities can we make? • What are the obstacles to generality? • What are the interesting and important questions?

  32. First announcement:Disturbance and restoration in forest ecosystems Course for the PhD-programme in “Biodiversity and Forestry“, Vårdnäs, Linköping, Feb 13 – 17, 2006. Course leaders: Mats Niklasson, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre,SLU Per-Anders Esseen, Ecology & Env Science, UMU Invited teachers: prof Peter White,Biology Univ of North Carolina, USA prof Sylvie Gauthier, Canadian Forest Service, Quebec Lars- Owe Wikars, Entomology SLU Uppsala Lars Östlund, Forest Vegetation Ecology, SLU Umeå and more

  33. Outline A personal history Definition and significance Importance Search for generality Discussion

  34. Disturbance definitions • Absolute: • A discreteevent in time that disruptsecosystem, community, or population structure and changes resources, substrate availability or the physical environment (White & Pickett 1985) • Grime: a loss of biomass

  35. Relative Definition:Displacementfrom normal dynamics • Patch dynamics • Quantitative & qualitative equilibrium • Historic Range of Variation, Natural Range of Variability • Criticality • Resilience

  36. Importance • Biodiversity • Exotic invasions • Effects on value, health • Ecosystem use, harvest • Climate change • Land-use and hazard insurance • Environmental ethics in a patch dynamic world

  37. The 17 Ten Greatest Hits2000+ PapersObstacles to Generality

  38. Patch & Multipatch Scales Patch scale Multipatch scale

  39. Space Patch Multipatch (Landscape) Thinking about disturbance

  40. Space/Time Event Multievent Patch Multipatch (Landscape) Thinking about disturbance

  41. Space/Time Event Multievent Patch 1. P-E 2. P-ME Multipatch3. MP-E 4. MP-ME (Landscape) Thinking about disturbance

  42. Space/Time Event Multievent Patch 1. P-E 2. P-ME Multipatch3. MP-E 4. MP-ME (Landscape) Thinking about disturbance

  43. Space/Time Event Multievent Patch 1. P-E 2. P-ME Multipatch3. MP-E 4. MP-ME (Landscape) Thinking about disturbance Easiest to study

  44. Space/Time Event Multievent Patch 1. P-E 2. P-ME Multipatch3. MP-E 4. MP-ME (Landscape) Thinking about disturbance Biodiversity, Sustainability

  45. Thinking about disturbance #1 Patch-Event Scale Legacy matters Empirical detail matters Specificity matters

  46. Disturbances within one ecosystem vary Appalachian Fir Forest

  47. A family of successions differing in legacy because of difference in severity

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