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Extirpated Species

Extirpated Species. Major causes of extinctions/extirpations Climate change (e.g., increased temperature during Holocene) Overharvesting (Pleistocene megafauna, modern game, furbearers) Habitat change/destruction (tallgrass prairie, wetland, forest). Erithizon dorsatum (porcupine).

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Extirpated Species

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  1. Extirpated Species • Major causes of extinctions/extirpations • Climate change (e.g., increased temperature during Holocene) • Overharvesting (Pleistocene megafauna, modern game, furbearers) • Habitat change/destruction (tallgrass prairie, wetland, forest)

  2. Erithizon dorsatum(porcupine) • Inhabited northeast Iowa hardwood forests • Extirpated soon after Euroamerican invasion • Still in southern Wisconsin • Road kills in Clayton, Scott counties (1960s)

  3. Canis lupus(gray wolf) • Inhabited northern, western Iowa • Last individual killed in Butler County (1885) • Still in northern Minnesota • Requires large forests or tundra, ungulates

  4. Ursus americanus(black bear) • Formerly statewide • Extirpated by mid-1800s • Still in Minnesota, Wisconsin • At least 5 sightings since extirpation; 1997 in Allamakee County

  5. Martes pennanti(fisher) • Formerly rare in northern Iowa • Extirpated by early 1800s • Closest population in central Wisconsin • Hunted for pelt; requires pine forests, porcupines

  6. Gulo gulo(wolverine) • Formerly rare in northeastern Iowa • Extirpation date unknown • Closest population in northern Canada • 1 in Tama County (1964)

  7. Felis lynx(lynx) • Formerly northern Iowa (coniferous forests); rare • Extirpated in ? • Still in northern Minnesota • 1 in Shelby County (1963); avoids humans

  8. Cervus canadensis(elk) • Formerly statewide • Extirpated by 1871 • Reintroduced to Michigan, several other states

  9. Alces alces(moose) • First record in 1973 (not an extirpated species) • Boreal species; unlikely to become established • About 15 entered Iowa via Minnesota since 1973

  10. Antilocapra americana(pronghorn) • In western Iowa until early 1800s • In Nebraska, South Dakota, Minnesota • Forbs (flowering, broadleaved herbs) essential in diet

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