ART THROUGH THE AGES. EUROPEAN ART MOVEMENTS FROM THE RENAISSANCE TO MODERN. ROMANESQUE & GOTHIC: THE PRELUDE TO THE RENAISSNACE. ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE. DURING THE 11 TH AND 12 TH CENTURIES MASTER BUILDERS REPLACED FLAT WOODEN ROOFS WITH LONG, ROUND STONE VAULTS KNOWN AS BARREL VAULTS.
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ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE • DURING THE 11TH AND 12TH CENTURIES MASTER BUILDERS REPLACED FLAT WOODEN ROOFS WITH LONG, ROUND STONE VAULTS KNOWN AS BARREL VAULTS
GOTHIC ART • GOTHIC CATHEDRALS WERE ONE OF THE GREATEST ARTISTIC TRIUMPHS OF THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES (1050-1300) • CONSTRUCTION ON THE CATHEDRAL OF NOTRE-DAME IN PARIS STARTED IN 1163 AND ENDED IN 1300
THE RENAISSANCE • GIOTTO PAVES THE WAY • b. 1266, GIOTTO WAS CONSIDERED A FORERUNNER OF ITALIAN RENAISSANCE PAINTING • A MORE REALISTIC APPROACH • A DESIRE TO IMITATE NATURE • HIS FIGURES WERE SOLID & ROUNDED • 3- DIMENSIONAL, BUT APPROXIMATE
RENAISSANCE & NATURE • RENAISSANCE ARTISTS CONSIDERED THE IMITATION OF NATURE AS THEIR PRIMARY GOAL • HUMANS WERE PLACED IN THE CENTER • MASACCIO (1401-1428) PICKED UP WHERE GIOTTO LEFT OFF
RENAISSANCE INTEREST IN ANTIQUITY • RENAISSANCE ARTISTS HAD A KEEN INTEREST IN CLASSICAL ART, PHILOSOPHY AND VALUES • BOTTICELLI’S PRIMAVERA IS CENTERED AROUND VENUS (THE GODDESS OF LOVE)
HIGH RENAISSANCE: MANNERISM MID-LATE 16TH CENTURY • MANNERIST ART IS CHARACTERIZED BY A COMPLEX COMPOSITION, WITH MUSCULAR & ELONGATED FIGURES • MICHELANGELO AND EL GRECO WERE TWO PROMINENT ARTISTS
BAROQUE ART: A CATHOLIC COUNTER • Baroque Art emerged around 1600, as an reaction against the intricate and formulaic Mannerist style which dominated the Late Renaissance. Baroque Art is less complex, more realistic and more emotionally affecting than Mannerism. CARAVAGGIO
ROCOCO • The Rococo style succeeded Baroque Art in Europe. It was centered in France, and is generally associated with the reign of King Louis XV (1715-1774). It is a light, elaborate and decorative style of art. KING LOUIS XV
NEO-CLASSICAL ART: MID 18TH TO EARLY 19TH CENTURY • Neoclassical is a severe, unemotional form of art harkening back to the style of ancient Greece and Rome. Its rigidity was a reaction to the Rococo style and the emotional Baroque style. Part of a general revival of classical thought, which was of some importance in the American and French revolutions. MENGS
ROMANTICISM: THE ANTI-CLASSICAL • Late 18th Century to Mid 19th Century • Romanticism might best be described as anti-Classicism. A reaction against Neoclassicism, it is a deeply-felt style which is individualistic, beautiful, exotic, and emotionally wrought.Although Romanticism and Neoclassicism were philosophically opposed, they were the dominant European styles for generations, and many artists were affected to a greater or lesser degree by both. Artists might work in both styles at different times or even mix the styles, creating an intellectually Romantic work using a Neoclassical visual style, for example.Great artists closely associated with Romanticism include J.M.W. Turner, Caspar David Friedrich, John Constable, and William Blake.
JOHN CONSTABLE ROMANTICS USED IMAGES OF NATURE IN THEIR WORK
REALISM COURBET’S STONEBREAKERS • Mid-19th Century • Realism is an approach to art in which subjects are portrayed in as straightforward manner as possible, without idealizing them and without following the rules of formal theory.
IMPRESSIONISM • Influence of photography • Interest in light, shadow • Focus on everyday life—street scenes, still lives, parks, etc. • Interest in how objects change in light over time
POST-IMPRESSIONISM • Post-Impressionism • France, 1880's to 1900 • Post-Impressionism is an umbrella term used to describe a variety of artists who were influenced by Impressionism but took their art in different directions.There is no single well-defined style of Post-Impressionism, but in general it is less casual and more interested in formal structure and broad fields of color. CEZANNE
Pointillism France, 1880's • Pointillism is a form of painting in which the use of tiny primary-color dots is used to generate secondary colors. It is an offshoot of Impressionism, and is usually classified as a form of Post-Impressionism. Pointillism is focused on the specific style of brushwork used to apply the paint.
GEORGES SEURAT Sunday Afternoon on the Island of Grand Jatte
INTO 20TH-CENTURY EXPRESSIONISM • Centered in Germany, C.1905 to 1940's • Expressionism is a style of art in which the intention is not to reproduce a subject accurately, but instead to portray it in such a way as to express the inner state of the artist. KANDINSKY’S IM BLAU
CUBISM • Europe, 1908-1920 • Cubism was developed between about 1908 and 1912 in a collaboration between Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. Their influences were Tribal Art and the work of Paul Cezanne. The movement itself was not long-lived or widespread, but it began an immense creative explosion. Key concept of Cubism is that the essence of objects can only be captured by showing it from multiple points of view simultaneously. PICASSO SELF PORTRAIT
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