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This chapter explores the essential role of carbon compounds in living organisms, highlighting the different types of molecules, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Carbon's unique ability to form stable bonds results in long chains and rings, making it the backbone of life. Learn about how cells utilize carbohydrates for energy, store energy in lipids, the structure of proteins made from amino acids, and the significance of nucleic acids like DNA, which hold the instructions for protein synthesis and heredity. Additionally, discover the vital role of carbon dioxide in sustaining life.
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Chapter Four: Physical ScienceConnections • 4.1 Elements and Compounds • 4.2 The Compounds of Life • 4.3 Physical Variables
4.2 Carbon compounds and cells • Life as we know it is carbon based. • A carbon atom can form chemical bonds with other carbon atoms in long chains or rings.
4.2 Carbon compounds and cells • Carbon compounds in living things include: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.
4.2 Carbohydrates, fats and proteins • Carbohydratesare energy-rich compounds made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. • Cells use carbohydrates to get and store energy. • Carbohydrates are also called sugars or starches.
4.2 Carbohydrates • Plant cells store energy as starch. • Rice, potatoes, and wheat are plant starches.
4.2 Lipids • Lipids are made by cells to store energy for long periods of time. • Lipids include fats, oils, and waxes. Can you think of examples of lipids in plants or animals?
4.2 Proteins • Proteinsare very large molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. • Protein molecules are made of smaller molecules called amino acids.
4.2 Nucleic acids • Nucleic acidsare compounds made of long, repeating chains called nucleotides. • DNA is a nucleic acid that contains the information cells need to make all of their proteins.
4.2 DNA • Some scientists refer to DNA as the “blueprints” for life. What is a blueprint and why might scientists use this “analogy”?
Investigation 4A Carbon Dioxide and Living Things • How is carbon dioxide important to living things?
