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Infections and Parasites in Farm animals

Infections and Parasites in Farm animals. TODAY WE ARE GOING TO; Revise infections and parasites (including the 4 examples you need to know). Do an exam question on the subject. What is a parasite? An organism that lives on or in another organism and leaves its host at a disadvantage.

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Infections and Parasites in Farm animals

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  1. Infections and Parasites in Farm animals TODAY WE ARE GOING TO; Revise infections and parasites (including the 4 examples you need to know). Do an exam question on the subject. What is a parasite? An organism that lives on or in another organism and leaves its host at a disadvantage.

  2. Cattle infections and parasites

  3. The BIG four!! • Damping off disease in seedlings • Mastitis in cattle • Lice • Intestinal roundworm in pigs

  4. 1. Damping off disease in seedlings Cause – Fungus Symptoms – Seedlings rot above ground level and fall over. Prevention – Avoid damp conditions by ventilating. Treatment – Anti-fungal agent

  5. 3. Lice Cause – External parasite Symptoms – Blood sucking causes scratching and decreased growth rate. Prevention – Rubbing posts with oil soaked sacks. (Oil blocks lice breathing tubes) Treatment – Derris dust kills adults only and so must be applied several times.

  6. 2. Mastitis in cattle Cause - Bacteria Symptoms – Clotted milk and inflammation/swelling of udders Prevention – Dip teats in iodine. Treatment – Anti-biotics squeezed through teat orifice.

  7. 4. Intestinal roundworm in pigs Cause - Internal parasite burrowing between small intestine and lungs. Symptoms – Coughing and loss of weight. Prevention – Strict hygiene and isolation of infected animals Treatment – Worm powder causes worm to be stunned, let go of intestinal wall and leave body with faeces.

  8. 3 types of micro-organismWhat are they? 1) Bacteria e.g.E.coli Characteristics – Reproduce rapidly, produce toxins and are killed by antibiotics.

  9. 2) Fungus • E.g. Ringworm Characteristics – Reproduce by making spores, act as decomposers and produce useful products such as bread and wine.

  10. 3) Viruses • E.g. Flu virus Characteristics – Reproduce inside cells, tend to be complex shapes and are much smaller than fungus or bacteria.

  11. Exam question • a. Name a parasitic infection that farm animals might suffer from. (1) b. Is this relationship beneficial for the parasite or the farm animal? (1) c. Why is this a problem for the farmer?(1) • What type of symptom(s) might a parasitized animal suffer from? (1) • Parasites can be treated by chemical control methods whilst other pests may be treated using biological control. What do we mean by biological and chemical control? (2)

  12. 2. Bacteria –have become resistant to antibiotics • MRSA – Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureas • An example of a ‘advantageous’ MUTATION which gives the bacteria RESISTANCE to antibiotics. • THE PROBLEM - So non-resistant bacteria are killed off by antibiotic use and resistant ones are left to breed and so there are more on them!!

  13. Antibiotic use in farmed livestock Introduction • Antibiotics are vital medicines used for the treatment of bacterial infections in both humans and animals. The emergence of antibiotic resistance as a serious problem in human medicine has prompted concerns about the public health implications of antibiotic use in agriculture. • Antibiotics have been used for over 40 years in farm animals for 3 main purposes: • Therapy, to treat an identified illness • Prophylaxis, to prevent illness in advance • Performance enhancement, to increase feed conversion, growth rate or yield.

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