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Higher Expectations and Fewer Resources: Finding a Way

Higher Expectations and Fewer Resources: Finding a Way. Dennis P. Jones SHEEO Higher Education Policy Conference Denver, CO August 12, 2009. The Expectation. “By 2020, America will once again have the highest proportion of college graduates in the world”

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Higher Expectations and Fewer Resources: Finding a Way

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  1. Higher Expectations and Fewer Resources:Finding a Way Dennis P. Jones SHEEO Higher Education Policy Conference Denver, CO August 12, 2009

  2. The Expectation “By 2020, America will once again have the highest proportion of college graduates in the world” President Barack Obama, February 24, 2009

  3. Associate and Bachelors Degrees Needed to Become the Most Educated Country by 2020 Additional Annual Degree Production Needed – 150,528 per Year Current Annual Degree Production – 2,252,212 Increase in State and Local Funding at Current Cost per FTE Note: Assumes private institutions will maintain current share

  4. Annual Increase in Degree Production Required to Meet the Goal – 11.7 Million Additional Degrees by 2020 Adjusting for Current Levels of Educational Attainment and Population Growth by State

  5. The fiscal realities

  6. Expenditures on Tertiary Educational Institutions as a Percentage of GDP, by Source of Fund (2004) *Some levels of education are included with others **Including public subsidies to households attributable for educational institutions, as well as including direct expenditure on educational institutions from international sources. ***Net of public subsidies attributable for educational institutions. Source: OECD.

  7. Expenditures Annual % Budget Increase, Fiscal 1979 to Fiscal 2009 *32-year historical average rate of growth is 5.9 percent **Fiscal 09 numbers are estimated ***Fiscal 10 numbers are recommended Source: NASBO June 2009 Fiscal Survey of States

  8. Combined Budget Gaps of $230B 37 states 24 states *Only 24 states have forecasted FY 2011 budget gaps to date

  9. For most states – and for most public institutions – the stimulus package is not an answer. • But it could slow the impact • And it could buy enough time to adjust to substantially changed circumstances

  10. After stimulus wanes, gaps could approximate 4% of spending, or $70 billion, even under the “Low-Gap” Scenario Source: Don Boyd (Rockefeller Institute of Government), 2009

  11. After stimulus wanes, gaps could approach 7% of spending or $120 billion under the “High-Gap” scenario Source: Don Boyd (Rockefeller Institute of Government), 2009

  12. Projected State and Local Budget Surplus (Gap) as a Percent of Revenues, 2016 Source: NCHEMS; Don Boyd (Rockefeller Institute of Government), 2009

  13. 1.7 DE 1.6 1.5 1.4 CT NJ 1.3 MA AK 1.2 WY State Tax Capacity (Total Taxable Resources Per Capita) MD NY VA NH 1.1 MN CO IL NV WA CA RI 1.0 US PA NE WI NC GA KS HI MO SD IA OH FL IN VT TX OR 0.9 TN AZ ND ME MI UT SC KY 0.8 ID NM LA AL OK WV MT AR 0.7 MS 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 State Tax Effort (Effective Tax Rate) Source: State Higher Education Executive Officers (SHEEO) State Tax Capacity and Effort—Indexed to U.S. Average

  14. The Demographic realities

  15. The big population growth will be in students of color. In the main these will be individuals of modest means. Therefore there are real limits as to how high tuition can go before price affects participation and completion.

  16. Change in Population Age 25-44 By Race/Ethnicity, 2005-2025 …2,689,700 …1,044,516 Source: U.S. Census Bureau

  17. Difference Between Whites and Next Largest Race/Ethnic Group in Percentage of Adults Age 25-34 with an Associate Degree or Higher, 2000 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, PUMS (based on 2000 Census)

  18. Family Incomes of Families with School Age Children Source: American Community Survey

  19. Expectations • Maintain access – serve an increasing number of students • Maintain affordability to both students and the state • Invest stimulus funds in: • Developing more cost-effective ways of doing business • Paying for the transition

  20. Short-Term Actions • Be clear about goals & accountability measures • Degree production • Reduced cost/degree • Create a Coherent Financing Plan • Align policies regarding appropriations to institutions, tuition, & student aid policies • Treat different sectors differentially • “Reset” base funding levels • Invest more (reduce less) state appropriations in institutions that must contribute most to student access and success

  21. Short-Term Actions(continued) • Protect need-based financial aid • Mandate increases in instructional productivity • SCHs per FTE faculty • Have a plan for use of savings • Invest in reform • Return to General Fund

  22. Long-Term Actions • Refocus institutional missions • Directly • Through de-funding certain programs/functions • Require certain programs to be self-supporting (e.g., MBA) • Align state & federal student aid programs – leave no federal money on the table • Administer need-based aid as a state – not institutional – program • Tackle developmental education on a statewide basis • Consider a separate delivery entity • Undertake a policy audit with an eye toward eliminating unnecessary bureaucracy • Adopt a strategy for investing in productivity enhancement • Course redesign on a system-wide basis • Retrofitting buildings for energy efficiency • Reengineered business processes • Inter-institutional collaboration

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