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Understanding States of Matter: Solids, Liquids, and Gases

This chapter provides an overview of the states of matter, detailing the properties of solids, liquids, and gases in terms of shape, volume, and particle arrangement. Matter consists of atoms, the fundamental particles of elements. Key concepts include physical properties (observed without changing composition), extensive and intensive properties, and the distinction between physical and chemical changes. The chapter also discusses the Law of Conservation of Mass, emphasizing that mass is neither created nor destroyed during chemical reactions.

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Understanding States of Matter: Solids, Liquids, and Gases

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Chemistry Chapter 3 Notes #1

  2. States of Matter • Be able to describe solid, liquid, and gases in terms of shape, volume, and particle arrangement!

  3. Matter • All samples of matter are composed of atoms… • The smallest particles possessing the properties of an element • Fundamental chemical substances from which all other substances are made

  4. Physical Properties • Characteristics of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the samples composition • Examples: color, odor, taste, density, melting point, boiling point, etc. • Extensive Physical Properties – depends on how much of a sample you have (ex. Mass) • Intensive – doesn’t matter how much of a sample you have (ex. m.p., b.p., density)

  5. Chemical Properties • Characteristics that describe how a substance interacts, or fails to interact, with other substances to form new substances • For example hydrogen has the potential to ignite and explode given the right conditions.

  6. Physical Change • A change in which the composition and chemical properties of a substance are not changed • Ex. Grinding, Breaking, melting, boiling • ALL changes of state are physical changes!!!!!!

  7. Chemical Changes • Change in the composition and properties of a substance, or substances, as the result of a chemical reaction. • Ex. Souring of Milk • Ex. Rusting of iron • Ex. Change in color • Burning./Combustion

  8. Law of Conservation of Mass • Mass is not created nor destroyed • Mass reactants = mass products • Example • Water breaks down into Hydrogen and Oxygen 2H2O = 2H2 + O2 36g = 4 g + 32 g • The End 

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