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Important Supreme Court Cases. Marbury v. Madison. Marbury v. Madison (1803). - Marbury demands his judge position using the Judiciary Act of 1789 John Marshall (SCJ) ruled that the Judiciary act conflicts with the constitution.
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Marbury v. Madison(1803) - Marbury demands his judge position using the Judiciary Act of 1789 • John Marshall (SCJ) ruled that the Judiciary act conflicts with the constitution. • Marshall stated that the constitution is the “supreme law of the land.” • This leads to the supreme courts ability to use judicial review • Judicial Review- The supreme court has the right to rule a law unconstitutional. (Strengthens checks and balances)
Dred Scott(1857) • Dred Scott was a slave that was taken to a free state • He goes to court stating that he should be free since he lived in a free state • The supreme court rules that slaves are not citizens so they cannot sue or use the court system
Plessy v. Ferguson(1896) • Plessy is kicked of an all white train for being black • Plessy uses the 14th amendment stating that he has equal protection under the law. The state uses the 10th amendment saying the states have rights that are not listed in the constitution. • The Supreme Court ruling states separate but equal is legal
Schneck v US(1919) • During WWI Schneck circulated pamphlets telling men to avoid the draft • The pamphlets were seen as being harmful to the govt. Schneck said he was able to distribute pamphlets thanks to the 1st amendments • Schneck’s freedom of speech was not protected during time of war b/c it could have been harmful to the US
Brown v. Board(1954) • Brown is a black girl that wants to go to an all white school • Go to court stating that separate is not equal since many black schools were not equal to the white schools in the community. • Court rules that separate but equal is illegal and this leads to integration
Korematsu v. US(1944) • Korematsu was a Japanese American during WWII. • He was forced to leave his house and was placed in an internment camp. • He sued the US saying that they took away his rights that are given in the Constitution • Court ruled that during war time constitutional rights may be restricted
UCAL v. Bakke(1978) • Bakke is denied admission to UCAL b/c of affirmative action. • UCAL states that affirmitive action reduces discrimination in the school. • Bakke used the 14th amendment along with the Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Race cannot be used exclusively in admission
Mapp v. Ohio(1961) • Ruled under (CJS) Warren • Evidence was illegally confiscated during a search for a fugitive. • The evidence was used to illegally convict her • The court ruled that evidence taken illegally cannot be used in a court of law
Miranda v. Arizona(1966) • Ruled under (CJS) Warren • The question to the court is not notifying a accused person of their rights before interogation violate the 5th amendment? • The court cannot use statements from an accused person if they are not notified of their rights
Tinker v Des Moines(1969) • Teens wear black armbands to school in protest of the Vietnam War • The teens were suspended for wearing the armbands in fear it would start a rebellion • The first amendment was argued but the court sided with the students that they were able to wear the black armbands since it did not cause a disturbance to the school.
Roe v. Wade(1973) • Does the constitution embrace a woman’s right to have an abortion? • Yes women can have abortions up to the 3rd month. This fell under the right to privacy under the 14th amendment.
N.J. v TLO(1985) • Teenager was caught smoking in the bathroom the principal catches her and searches her purse finding marijuana. • Was the search a violation of the 4th and 14th amendment? • In schools the authority does not need “probable cause” (hard evidence) but only needs “reasonable cause” (soft evidence)
