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Proton FFAG Accelerator R&D at BNL

Proton FFAG Accelerator R&D at BNL. Alessandro G. Ruggiero Brookhaven National Laboratory. 4 x 150 µs @ 30 mA (H – ). AGS. 0.5 sec. 2.0 sec. Booster. 1.5-GeV Booster. 28-GeV AGS. 200-MeV DTL. HI Tandem. Present BNL - AGS Facility. Performance Rep. Rate 0.4 Hz Top Energy 28 GeV

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Proton FFAG Accelerator R&D at BNL

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  1. Proton FFAG AcceleratorR&D at BNL Alessandro G. Ruggiero Brookhaven National Laboratory

  2. 4 x 150 µs @ 30 mA (H–) AGS 0.5 sec 2.0 sec Booster 1.5-GeV Booster 28-GeV AGS 200-MeV DTL HI Tandem Present BNL - AGS Facility Performance • Rep. Rate 0.4 Hz • Top Energy 28 GeV • Intensity 7 x 1013 ppp • Ave. Power 125 kW Typical DTL cycle for Protons Typical AGS cycle for Protons 0.5 sec 2.0 sec A.G. Ruggiero -- NuFact 05 - Frascati

  3. 1.2 GeV SCL DTL cycle for Protons with 1.2-GeV SCL 0.4 sec 0.4 sec 1 x 720 µs @ 30 mA (H–) 1.5-GeV Booster 28-GeV AGS 200-MeV DTL HI Tandem AGS Upgrade with 1.2-GeV SCL BNL- C-A/AP/151 • Performance • Rep. Rate 2.5 Hz • Top Energy 28 GeV • Intensity 1.0 x 1014 ppp • Ave. Power 1.0 MW • Only Protons, no HI Upgrade to 400 MeV AGS Cycle with 1.2-GeV SCL A.G. Ruggiero -- NuFact 05 - Frascati

  4. DTL cycle for Protons with 1.5-GeV FFAG 0.4 sec 1 x 960 µs @ 35 mA (H–) 1.5-GeV Booster 28-GeV AGS 400-MeV DTL HI Tandem AGS Upgrade with 1.5-GeV FFAG BNL - C-A/AP/157 Performance • Rep. Rate 2.5 Hz • Top Energy 28 GeV • Intensity 1.0 x 1014 ppp • Ave. Power 1.0 MW • Protons, and HI (??) 1.5-GeV FFAG AGS Cycle with 1.5-GeV FFAG 0.4 sec A.G. Ruggiero -- NuFact 05 - Frascati

  5. BNLProposal to Conduct Accelerator R&Dfor a Future U.S. Neutrino Physics ProgramSubmitted to the U.S. Department of Energy Office of High Energy Physicsby Brookhaven National LaboratoryAugust 15, 2005 This is a proposal submitted by Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of High Energy Physics (OHEP), to conduct Accelerator R&D focused on the improvement of accelerator systems and capabilities needed for effective pursuit of future accelerator-based sources of intense neutrino beams. Our proposal emphasizes the R&D needs required by the ‘Super Neutrino Beam’ concept identified in the 2004 Office of Science Future Facilities Intiative1. The proposed R&D work will be central to the future effectiveness of the U.S. Neutrino Oscillations Program using accelerator sources of neutrinos. We outline a program that is structured to evolve over a three-year period, indicating technical goals, requested OHEP support levels and staffing to meet the objectives. The proposed R&D topics are described in detail in the sections after this summary. A prioritized list of topics and proposed support levels is given here…. Our 1st and 2nd priority topics are for generic high-power, proton target and integrated target/horn meson-focusing systems R&D. This proposed R&D work will be needed by any accelerator source that proposes to advance the capabilities of the U.S. in future accelerator-based neutrino experiments. We also observe that beyond the neutrino-less double beta-decay and reactor neutrino experiments currently under consideration for near-term approval, the future effectiveness of neutrino oscillation physics will depend upon the development of Megawatt-class target sources and Megaton-class detectors. Our 3rd R&D priority is for the development of novel, Fixed-Focus, Alternating-Gradient (FFAG) conceptual accelerator designs that could provide a much cheaper, high-power proton source for neutrinos than the current SC linac plan. …. A.G. Ruggiero -- NuFact 05 - Frascati

  6. Proposal for R&D to DOE 1.0 Introduction [D. Lowenstein, W. Weng] 2.0 Proton Target Materials R&D:[H. Kirk, N. Simos] 3.0 Integrated Horn/Target R&D:[N. Simos] 4.0 FFAG Conceptual Design R&D:[A. Ruggiero] 5.0 High Temperature Superconducting Magnets:[R. Gupta] 6.0 Plasma Focusing Device Design R&D:[A. Hershcovitch] 7.0 AGS Super Neutrino Beam Upgrade:[T. Roser] 8.0 Neutrino Factory Design Studies:[R. Fernow, J. Gallardo, R. Palmer] 9.0 R&D Support Summary: [D. Lowenstein, W. Weng] A.G. Ruggiero -- NuFact 05 - Frascati

  7. Acceleration in the AGS Upgrade FFAG InjectionExtraction Kinetic Energy, MeV 400 1,500 Momentum, MeV/c 954.3 2250.5 0.71306 0.92300 Revol. Freq., MHz 0.2650 0.3428 Revol. Period, µs 3.78 2.92 Harmonic Number 24 RF Frequency, MHz 6.357 8.228 Bunch Area (full), eV-s 0.40 Peak RF Voltage, MVolt 1.20 Energy Gain, MeV/turn 0.50 No. of Cavities 30 No. Protons / Cycle 1.0 x 1014 Circulating Current, Amp 4.24 5.49 Beam RF Power, MW 2.12 2.75 Space-Charge 0.50 0.16 Full Emittance, norm. 100 π mm-mrad Repetition Rate, Hz 2.5 Injection Period 1.0 ms (255 turns) Acceleration Period 7.0 ms (2,200 turns) Total Period 8.0 ms A.G. Ruggiero -- NuFact 05 - Frascati

  8. Proton BNL Electron Model for FFAG InjectionExtraction Kinetic Energy, keV217.85816.93 Momentum, keV/c519.731,225.66  0.71306 0.92300 Revol. Freq., MHz 2.3618 3.0552 Revol. Period, µs 0.4234 0.3273 Harmonic Number 3 RF Frequency, MHz 7.085 9.166 Bunch Area (full), eV-s 0.40 Peak RF Voltage, kVolt5.824 Energy Gain, keV/turn 2.427 No. of Cavities 1 No. Protons / Cycle 5.446 x 1010 Circulating Current, mA20.5926.659 Beam RF Power, W50.0465.13 Space-Charge  0.50 0.16 Full Emittance, norm. 100 π mm-mrad Repetition Rate, Hz 2.5 Injection Period 0.1122 ms (255 turns) Acceleration Period 0.7854 ms (2,200 turns) Total Period 0.8976 ms e-Source Current 161.5 µA A.G. Ruggiero -- NuFact 05 - Frascati

  9. BNL Electron Model for Proton FFAG Circumference, m 9.05484 Period Length, m 0.377286 No. of Periods 24 F: Length, cm 4.375 Field, G–38.717 Gradient, G/m 3,739 D: Length, cm 8.7 Field, G 90.586 Gradient, G/m –3,275 Drifts: S (half), cm 8.239 g (full), cm 1.875 Phase Adv. /Period H 0.32589 V 0.28593 Betatron Tune H 7.82122 V 6.86230 Transition Energy, T 16.914 i Chromaticity H –0.8274 V –1.8493 A.G. Ruggiero -- NuFact 05 - Frascati

  10. Linear Field Profile A.G. Ruggiero -- NuFact 05 - Frascati

  11. Adjusted Field Profile A.G. Ruggiero -- NuFact 05 - Frascati

  12. Solicitation of a SBIR Proposal for the Construction of an Electron-Modelto simulate the Beam Dynamics of a Proton FFAG with Non-Scaling Lattice ……. We are proposing here the construction of a Non-Scaling Proton FFAG Accelerator prototype as a demonstration of the principle. At this purpose we use acceleration of electrons instead of protons to allow scaling down the ring dimensions and energy range. Tentative parameters of the prototype are given in Tables 1 and 2. The basic component is a period made of straight sections and a FDF triplet magnet as shown in Figure 1. The bending field distribution across the width of each of the two magnets is given in Figure 2 for a Linear Field Profile and in Figure 3 for an Adjusted Field Profile that minimize the betatron tune variation across the momentum aperture. We have adopted the criterion to emulate as close as possible acceleration of protons in the FFAG for the AGS Upgrade. The electron beam energy selected would indeed preserves the beam velocity variation in the acceleration cycle. Moreover beam intensity and dimensions have been chosen to intentionally create significant space-charge forces at injection. …….. A.G. Ruggiero -- NuFact 05 - Frascati

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