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YAWS

YAWS. PIAN BUBAS FRAMBOESIA. Yaws and its relatives are caused by spirochete bacteria. Treponema. Contagious , non venereal treponemal infection. No cardiovascular or neurological abnormalities. Yaws is typically found in tropical areas of Africa, South America, and Asia.

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YAWS

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  1. YAWS PIAN BUBAS FRAMBOESIA

  2. Yaws and its relativesare caused by spirochete bacteria Treponema

  3. Contagious , non venereal treponemal infection. • No cardiovascular or neurological abnormalities

  4. Yaws is typically found in tropical areas of Africa, South America, and Asia

  5. Between 1950 and 1970, WHO and UNICEF led a campaign to treat people in 46 countries

  6. It worked, but these diseases now receive little attention

  7. Caused by Treponema pertenue . • Reservoir of infection – Man • Age - It affect children < 15 years [peak incidence 6-10 years]. • Immunity – no natural immunity. Provides partial immunity to veneral syphilis.

  8. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS • Climate – endemic in warm and humid conditions • Social factors • scanty clothing • Poor personal cleanliness • Overcrowding • Bad housing • Low standard of living • Absence of soap

  9. MODE OF TRANSMISSION • Direct contact • Fomites • Vector INCUBATION PERIOD 3 to 5 weeks

  10. The endemic treponematoses are mainly transmitted by human-to-human contact

  11. CLASSIFICATION • Primary stage …..lesion at site of inoculation. • Secondary stage ….multiple skin lesion. • Latent stage …..no symptom but skin lesion can relapse. • Tertiary ….bone , joint & soft tissue deformality

  12. OTHER CASSIFICATION • Early----: primary & secondary { contagious skin lesion }. • Late -----: tertiary (not contagious).

  13. CLINICAL PRESENTATION • Primary lesion called….. mother yaw.[IP 9-90 days]. • 1ry papule---enlarge → papilloma {resolve spontaneously after 3-6 months }. • 2ry may occur near the 1ry or elsewhere on the body {last for more than 6 months } • Macule , papules , nodules ,and hyperkeratotic lesion in palms & soles { CRAB YAWS } ,lesions may ulcerate. • Saber shin due to chronic untreated osteoperiostitis. • Pt with late yaws → juxtaarticular nodules → gangosa [ rhinopharyngitis mutilans ]

  14. The first sign of yaws is a primary lesion known as a “mother yaw”

  15. Without treatment, secondary widespread lesions form

  16. After years without treatment, larger problems may develop Saber shin / tibia Gangosa

  17. INVESTIGATIONS • Diagnosis on clinical findings. • Non treponema test:VDRL. Positive in all stages except early lesions . • Dark-field examination ….. + ve . • Biopsy. 

  18. These diseases can be diagnosed in two ways Dark field microscopy Serological Tests

  19. MANAGEMENT • Benzathine penicillin ( penicillin G ) 1.2 million units IM once • Penicillin V for 7-10 days.[ for 1ry , 2ry &latent]. • Tetracyclin 1-2 g\ day for 7-14 days.[tertiary] • Erythromycin [tertiary]. • Doxycycline 200mg 1 st ,100 mg\day for 7-14 days.[tertiary].

  20. Benzathine penicillin is the main drug of choice for treatment

  21. CONTROL 1. Survey 2. Treatment • Total mass treatment ( more than 10% prevalence) • Juvenile mass treatment ( 5% to 10 %) • selective mass treatment (less than 5 %) 3. Resurvey and treatment ( every 6 to 12 months) 4. Surveillance 5. Environmental improvement 6. Resurgence of yaws 7. Evaluation

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