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Theories and Models for Health Promotion Interventions

Theories and Models for Health Promotion Interventions. Build a solid foundation for the house. Definitions.

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Theories and Models for Health Promotion Interventions

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  1. Theories and Models for Health Promotion Interventions Build a solid foundation for the house

  2. Definitions • Theory: A theory is a set of interrelated concepts, definitions, and propositions that presents a systematic view of events or situations by specifying relations among variables in order to explain and predict the events of the situations. Glanz, Lewis & Rimer, 1977, p. 21

  3. Definitions • Concepts: the primary elements of theory (ideas or propositions) • Construct: synthesized thoughts of key concepts or specific theories • Variables: the operational or practical form of a construct • Model: a subclass of theory. May utilize a number of theories to help people understand a specific problem in a particular setting

  4. Confused? • See page 145

  5. Still Confused? • Don’t worry about it. You aren’t alone.

  6. Theories • The backbone of the processes used to plan, implement, and evaluation health promotion interventions • A theory-based approach provides direction and justification for program activities and serves as a basis for processes that are to be incorporated into the health promotion program

  7. Program Minnesota Heart Health Program Theories Used Social Learning Theory Communication-persuasion model Model of innovation diffusion Community development Problem-behavior theory Theories and HP Programs

  8. Program Stanford Five-City Project Theories Used Social Learning Theory Theory of Reasoned Action Communication-persuasion model Model of innovation diffusion Theories and HP Programs

  9. Behavior Change Theories Stimulus-Response (SR) Theory: • Classical conditioning • Instrumental conditioning • Reinforcement • Punishment • Positive reinforcement • Negative reinforcement • Positive punishment • Aversive stimulus • Negative punishment

  10. Behavior Change Theories Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) • A.k.a. Social Learning Theory (SLT) • Albert Bandura • Learning occurs primarily through modeling and reinforcement • Self-efficacy • Efficacy expectations • Outcome expectations

  11. Behavior Change Theories Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) • Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975 • Attitude, belief, behavioral intention, and behavior • Incorporates the notion that individuals will behave, in part, because of how they believe significant others would have them behave (subjective norm)

  12. Behavior Change Theories Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) • Extension of TRA • Incorporates the dimension “perceived behavioral control” as a determinant of intention. Can I do this? Am I in control? • What would Bandura call this? • Self-efficacy

  13. Behavior Change Theories Theory of Freeing (TF) • Friere (1973, 1974) • Empowerment • The task of health education should be to free people so they may make health-related decisions based upon their needs and interests

  14. Health Behavior Models Health Belief Model (HBM) • Frequently used • Based on Lewin’s decision making model • Probability of behavior change (likelihood of action) is based on perceived threat of a particular disease which depends on a number of factors • See p. 154

  15. The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion (ELM) • Petty, Barden & Wheeler, 2002 • Designed to explain how persuasion messages (communications) aimed at changing attitudes were received and processed by people • Elaboration = the amount of effortful processing people put into receiving messages • See p. 160

  16. Transtheoretical Model (TTM) Transtheoretical Model (TTM) • Stages of Change Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance • Decisional Balance Pros, cons of changing • Self-Efficacy Confidence to change; temptation to engage in unhealthy behaviors • Processes of Change Consciousness raising; Self-reevaluation; Self-liberation; Reinforcement; Stimulus control; etc.

  17. Transtheoretical Model (TTM) Cognitive-Behavioral Model of the Relapse Process • For most people, relapse is a part of change • Relapse is a failed attempt to change or modify a particular habit pattern or adopt a new optimal health behavior • Lapse is a single slip or mistake • Relapse prevention (RP) training helps people anticipate and cope with the problem of relapse in the habit-changing process (see pp. 161-163)

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