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Memory and Thought

Memory and Thought. How can we improve our memory What are the types of memory Why do we forget?. The Information Processing Model. A. What does it do? 1. Encodes (input) - processes information into memory Menatl reproesentation a. Automatic b. Effortful. Stores

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Memory and Thought

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  1. Memory and Thought How can we improve our memory What are the types of memory Why do we forget?

  2. The Information Processing Model • A. What does it do? • 1. Encodes (input) • - processes information into memory • Menatl reproesentation • a. Automatic b. Effortful

  3. Stores - places information into memory • Retrieves (output) • Gets information out of storage a. Recall Reconstructing a memory ex- b. Recognition - identifying that something is familiar ex.

  4. What are the three types of memory • 1. Sensory register • 2. Short term • 3. Long term

  5. c. Two levels of Processing • 1. Shallow • Simple repetition • Not an effective way to encode information • 2. Deep processing or elaborate rehearsal • Forming associations between new information that is already stored • Information has meaning and is easier to remember

  6. Common Cents • http://www.exploratorium.edu/exhibits/common_cents/index.html

  7. Mnemonic Devices- ways to remember things • 1. Subjective organization A personal way to remember things

  8. 2. Acronyms

  9. Method of Loci • Visualize associations between already memorized places and new things to be memorized

  10. Peg words • - associating number word rhymes and items to be memorized • 1 bun 2 shoe 3 tree • 4 door 5 hive 6 sticks • 7 heaven 8gate 9 swine • 10 hen

  11. Come up with your own Mnemonic device • This is due on Wednesday!

  12. Memory Stages • A. Sensory register • 1. Information is held for a split second • 2. Function • A. Prevent the mind from being overwhelmed

  13. B. Provides stability, playback and recognition • C. Give decision time • - allowing you to decide if something is important

  14. SELECTIVE ATTENTION PARTY TIME

  15. How is information selected? • A. Selective attention • Concentrating on one sensation without completely blocking out other sensations Three points of interest basic need, novel, something of interest

  16. AGB • TJK • WLP

  17. KRG • XDT • WLP

  18. XCV BHY OTR

  19. MKL • WDC • BGT

  20. DWS • VFT • GXC

  21. ZXA • QKI • NHY

  22. FVG • HYU • AVH

  23. JKI • LKM • NYT

  24. Feature extraction • - focusing on the significant characteristics of information

  25. IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING LETTERS • ONE VERTICAL LINE • ONE HORIZONTAL LINE • TWO RIGHT ANGLES • TWO VERTICAL LINES • ONE HORIZONTAL LINE • FOUR RIGHT ANGLES • HOW IS THIS FEATURE EXTRACTION

  26. Type of sensory memory • a. Iconic - visual memory • information is held for a quarter second. • b. Echoic - auditory memory • information is held for 1-2 seconds

  27. Short term memory • What is your immediate memory span?

  28. Chunking THE-EDO-GSA-WTH-ECA-T THE DOG SAW THE CAT

  29. Short term memory 1. Information is held for about twenty seconds 2. Capacity 7 unrelated items Plus or minus 2 - Capacity can be increased by • chunking - putting information into meaningful chunks

  30. BED 17 • QUILT 17 • DARK 15 • SILENCE 11 • FATIGUE 17 • CLOCK 11 • SNORING 3

  31. 1. What is the first stage of memory • 2. Explain Iconic memory • 3. What is feature extraction? • 4. What is the capacity of short term memory? • 5. What is chunking?

  32. Long term memory • - MOST PERMANENT MEMORY STORAGE WITH UNLIMITED CAPACITY AND DURATION

  33. Serial Position Effect • - retention depends on the order in which information is presented PRIMACY EFFECT - ENHANCED ABILITY TO REMEMBER FROM THE BEGINNING OF A TASK

  34. Recency Effect RECENCY EFFECT - ENHANCED ABILITY TO REMEMBER ITEMS FROM THE END OF A TASK

  35. You are called in for an interview and can choose your time 9,10,11,12 or 1 What time do you pick? Why What would you do if you had the 11 time?

  36. SEMANTIC DISTINCTIVENESS • - SOMETHING DIFFERENT THAN THE NORM • B. Spacing - information is remembered if there is time to process in between tasks

  37. Types of long term memory • 1. DECLARATIVE/explicit - MEMORIES FOR FACTS OR EVENTS SUCH AS SCENES,WORDS, STORIES, DAILY EVENTS - you are consciously aware of these memories A. SEMANTIC - GENERAL FACTUAL KNOWLEDGE. WORDS, LANGUAGE RULES, DATES

  38. Declarative/implicit continued • EPISODIC • MEMORIES FROM PERSONALLY EXPERIENCED EVENTS • (episodes of your life)

  39. Procedural/Implicit • MEMORIES RELATED TO SKILLS AND HABITS • WE ARE UNAWARE OF THESE HABITS AND CANNOT RETREIVE THEM

  40. Scientific Frontiers – Alan Alda • http://vsx.onstreammedia.com/vsx/pbssaf/search/PBSPlayer?assetId=69014&ccstart=0&pt=0&preview=& entire=yes

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