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Sustainable Materials PowerPoint

Sustainable Materials PowerPoint. PGCE D&T 02 02 07 David Henwood. Sustainability Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. ( World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987). Consumption.

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Sustainable Materials PowerPoint

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  1. Sustainable MaterialsPowerPoint PGCE D&T 02 02 07 David Henwood

  2. SustainabilityMeeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.(World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987)

  3. Consumption By 2050 at current consumption rate we will need: • 8.5 planets to absorb our carbon dioxide emissions • 6 planets worth of steel • 3.5 planets to sustain cement supply • 3.5 planets to meet current timber demand ‘Spaceship Earth’ Design for the challenge of sustainability in the 21st Century

  4. Consumption

  5. Ecological debt day/Overshoot day

  6. Global annual production of plastics 1 million tonnes 2003 150 million tonnes

  7. 93% of production materials are never usedin the final product80% of products are discarded after a single use(http://www.envirowise.gov.uk/envirowisev3.nsf/key/cleanerdesign)

  8. What do we throw away? (wasteonline.org.uk)

  9. What do we throw away? • Annually, in the UK: • We produce more than 434 million tonnes of waste • Each person throws away about 500kg of rubbish • The average family consumes around 330 glass bottles/jars • The average household throws away 675 cans • The average household throws away 208kg of waste paper • Each person consumes 1 tonne of wood (wasteonline.org.uk)

  10. What do we throw away?

  11. What do we throw away? • Glass • The average glass bottle contains over 25% recycled glass • 80 million fluorescent lighting tubes go to landfill each year • Plastic • Every year, an estimated 17 billion plastic bags are given away by supermarkets • This is equivalent to over 290 bags for every person in the UK. • Oil • 1 litre of oil can pollute 1 million litres of fresh drinking water • (Scottish Oil Care Campaign).

  12. What do we throw away? • Wood • The UK consumes about 3% of global wood consumption • with only about 1% of the worlds population. • Batteries • 20,000 batteries are landfilled every year in the UK. • It can take up to 50 times more energy to produce a battery • than it actually delivers. • Textiles • 25% of textiles are currently recovered. • Of these 43% become secondhand clothing, • 12% wiping clothes, 22% filling materials, 7% fiber reclamation, • 9% are shoes which are reused • 7% is rejected as waste • Britain only recycles 2-4% of its clothing

  13. Recycling - problem solved?

  14. Recycling - problem solved?

  15. Recycling 1kg of aluminium saves: • up to 6kg of bauxite • 4kg of chemical products • 14 kWh of electricity. • Recycling aluminium requires only 5% of the energy • produces only 5% of the CO2 emissions • compared with primary production In 1989 2% of all aluminium cans in the UK were recycled In 1998 36% of all aluminium cans were recycled

  16. Recycling 1 tonne of steel • saves: • 1.5 tonnes of iron ore • 0.5 tonnes of coal • 40% of the water required in production • 75% of the energy • 1.28 tonnes of solid waste • Reduction of air emissions by 86% • Reduction of water pollution by 76%

  17. Recycling 1 tonne of paper saves: at least 30000 litres of water 3000 - 4000 KWh electricity ( a 3 bed house for 1 year) 95% of air pollution.

  18. Materials search sites www.materialconnexion.com/goldsmiths www.100percentmaterials.co.uk www.modulor.info/www.iom3.org/ Sustainable Materials search sites www.constructionresources.com www.kingston.ac.uk/~kx19789/rematerialise/ html_and_flash/searchwelcome.htm www.greenspec.co.uk Provides choice, not a way of making comparisons of sustainability

  19. What is ‘material’?

  20. Material life cycle So… materials have a story materials have a journey materials have a lifecycle What can we learn by uncovering this lifecycle?

  21. Acquiring raw material Processing & manufacture Packaging & distribution CONSUMER USAGE End of life disposal Material life cycle

  22. Acquiring raw material Processing & manufacture Packaging & distribution CONSUMER USAGE End of life disposal Irreplaceable, hard to extract Polluting & generates waste Source far from market, needless marketing led packaging Short product life Landfill What makes a material ‘not eco’?

  23. Acquiring raw material Processing & manufacture Packaging & distribution CONSUMER USAGE End of life disposal Easy access, quickly renewable Low energy manufacture & no waste or pollution Local, unpackaged Long life cycle, non toxic, needed in small quantities, not fad Bio degradable, reprocessable, kept from waste stream What makes a material ‘eco’?

  24. What would the most ‘un-eco’ material possible be like? • Limited supply • Large scale permanent social, cultural & environmental damage & instability • Forced low wage labour to produce • From very far away • High embodied energy in extraction & processing • Polluting manufacturing process • Heavily over-packaged un-necessarily • Produced in excess • Toxic in use • Combined with other materials so un-recyclable • Produced to satisfy a stylish/fashionable fad (prematurely replaced) • Decomposes very slowly • Waste & pollution at every stage of life

  25. What would the most ‘eco’ materialpossible be like? • Comes from just beyond your front door • Quick growing • Low embodied energy • No waste produced in converting from raw to useful • No need for additional packaging • Non polluting & non toxic • Useable effectively on its own • Available cheaply • Available in quantities to fulfill demand • Bio degradable

  26. Eco material specification • You must be guided by a lifecycle analysis approach to design • Trade offs are inevitable as there are no easy answers • It is impossible to accurately measure relative ‘eco-ness’ of materials • Learn an informed, intuitive approach to material assessment • Decisions must be based on broad but extensive knowledge • You must be willing to constantly update your materials knowledge as new information & materials arrive Aim for ‘BEST POSSIBLE’ not just ‘BETTER THAN’ Criteria will include…

  27. Eco material specification Question the supplier & gauge their commitment to ‘eco’ issues • What environmental information do they provide about their goods? • Do they generally provide information gladly or reluctantly? • Ask for environmental & health / safety data • Are they working towards less harmful alternatives? • Can they trace their goods back to origin? • Are their goods certified in any way? • Do they have an Environmental policy? • Do they have a Health & Safety policy? • Do they have an Ethical or Social policy?

  28. Red (green?) herrings • Eco friendly • Longer lasting • Kinder to the environment • Natural / as nature / home made • Economical • Less polluting • Recyclable • Inspired by nature • etc etc… All the above refer to ‘BETTER THAN’ not ’BEST’

  29. Embodied energy values (relative index) Zinc/Brass/Chrome/Nickel 50-200 Copper 85 Aluminium 18 Stainless steel 17 Natural Rubber 15 ABS 9.3 PET 7.1 PVC 4.2 Steel 4.2 HDPE 2.9 LDPE 3.8 Paper 3.3 Glass 2.1 Recycled Aluminium 1.8 Recycled Paper 1.5 Cardboard 1.4 Recycled Steel 1.3 Wood 0.74 (Production of materials in millipoints per kg)

  30. Or make your own sustainable material… Identify one of the following: • Waste from manufacture • A by-product of manufacture • Off-cuts or trimmings • Pre-consumer waste • Wasted packaging • Post-consumer waste • Recycled material • Broken objects • Discarded items Examples: Jane Atfield Julienne dolphin Wilding Lois Walpole Jeremy Dent Smile Plastics Remarkable

  31. www.Smile-plastics.co.uk www.Fsctimber.co.uk www.Ecoimpact.co.uk www.Ecospaints.com www.Auroorganic.co.uk www.Englishoakdirect.co.uk www.Timbmet.com www.fairtrade.org.uk www.Londonremade.com www.Greenchoices.org www.Envocare.co.uk www.Freeform.org.uk www.Greenbuildingstore.co.uk www.Ttura.com www.Constructionresources.com www.Ethicaljunction.org www.Capitalwastefacts.com www.Cat.org.uk www.Corkmasters.com www.Bre.co.uk www.Urbanmines.org.uk www.Authenticbusiness.co.uk www.Aecb.net www.Newbuilder.co.uk www.Beaconpress.co.uk www.Greenconsumerguide.com www.Zuss.com www.Ecoconstruct.com www.Globalhemp.com www.Recyclingbydesign.org.uk Web resources

  32. www.rematerialise.org www.corusgroup.com www.ecoconstruct.com www.oikos.com www.greenbuildingstore.co.uk www.greenbuilder.com www.greendesign.net www.buildfind.com www.british-trees.com www.fscoax.org www.glassonline.com www.bpf.co.uk www.steel-sci.org www.certifiedwood.org www.psd-dk.com www.actin.co.uk www.athenasmi.ca www.bc.bangor.ac.uk www.bre.org.uk www.carbohydrateeconomy.org www.uml.edu/dept/we/centers.htm www.ecodesign.bc.ca/product.htm www.harrisdirectory.com www.materialconnexion.com www.newuses.org www.britglass.co.uk www.britmetfed.org.uk www.iop.co.uk www.corrugated.org.uk www.pdmdf.com Web resources

  33. www.eternally-yours.nl www.product-life.org www.pre.nl www.ecosite.co.uk people.interaction-ivrea.it/natasha/cookie/week2.html www.interaction-ivrea.it/index.asp www.ec.gc.ca/ecocycle www.ecomed.de/journals/lca/lca.hm www.cpm.chalmers.se www.nrim.go.jp:8080/ecomat/lca/links.htm www.lifecycle.org/academia.htm www.spold.org www.rmi.org www.recyclingconsortium.org.uk www.salvo.co.uk www.rewindrecycling.org www.alga.com.au/waste4.htm www.biffaward.org www.onyxenvtrust.org www.sitaonline.co.uk www.greenbins.co.nz/why.html www.wasteresearch.co.uk www.bioregional.com www.compost.org.uk www.eco-composting.co.uk www.buy-recycled.co.uk/index1.html www.letsrecycle.com www.urbanmines.org.uk www.remade.org.uk www.londonremade.com Web resources

  34. www.eco.uk.com/network/index.html www.wrap.org.uk www.wastewatch.org.uk www.alucan.org.uk www.webdirectory.com/recycling www.bir.org www.dkr.de www.icer.org.uk www.ethicalconsumer.org www.greenconsumerguide.com www.adbusters.org www.naturalcollection.com www.ecomarket.net www.ecocities.net www.mybackyard.com www.dark-skies.org www.gn.apc.org www.essential.org/links www.cityfarmer.org www.greenmap.com www.buy-recycled.co.uk www.solarenergy.com www.ecomall.com www.greenstat.ebusiness.co.uk www.jademountain.com www.wholeearthmag.com www.realgoods.com www.sustainabilitysource.com www.calstart.org www.ihpva.org Web resources

  35. Design for the Real World Victor Papanek Ecological Design S.Van Der Ryn / S.Cowan Design+Environmen H.Lewis / J.Gertsakis Stuff - the secret lives J.Ryan / A.Thein Durning The Green Imperative Victor Papanek Cradle to Cradle McDonough / Braungart Biomimicry J.Benyus Total Beauty of Sust Prods E.Datschefski Citizen Designer S.Heller / V.Vienne Design for Society N.Whiteley Natural Capitalism P.Hawker / A & L Lovins Design Outlaws Zelov & Cousineau Rubbish R.Girling The Eco-Design Handbook Alastair Fuad-Luke Industrial Hemp Hemptech Don’t throw it all away FoE Grow your own house Simon Velez The good wood guide FoE Droog Design Ramakers & Bakker The Whole House book Borer & Harris The Green Guide G Markham Recycling Crafts Council Eco E.Wilhide Green Architecture J.Wines Cities for a small Planet R.Rogers Dirty Planet C.Clayton Suggested Reading

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