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Information Systems for Managers

Information Systems for Managers. By Prof. Brinda Sampat Brinda.Sampat@nmims.edu. Introduction to Information Systems. What is Information ?. What is a System ?. An organized set of seemingly related data Method, or process of grouping things together. What is an Information System ?.

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Information Systems for Managers

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  1. Information Systems for Managers By Prof. BrindaSampat Brinda.Sampat@nmims.edu

  2. Introduction to Information Systems What is Information ? What is a System ? • An organized set of seemingly related data • Method, or process of grouping things together

  3. What is an Information System ? • Combination of users, technology, processes to complete a given goal • Integration of hardware, software, data, network & communication, processes & people • Organized system, which collects, transforms & disseminates information in an organization • E.g. ATM’s, airline reservation systems, course reservation systems, hospital management systems Information System

  4. Example of an Information system Assigned a Bed, Doctor ,Nurse Diagnosis : X-rays, CT Scans Final Diagnosis, Cure, Discharge, Follow up, Insurance • Injury and trip to the hospital • Registration • Personal Information Into the System Smart Hospitals :- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z-EwvGXaXG8

  5. Why is an IS required ? Growth in revenue • To cut down cycle time • To reduce inventory • Develop new products • Support business operations • Support managerial decision making • Support strategic planning

  6. Evolution of Information Systems • Repetitive large volume transactions • Summarizing & organizing data in accounts, finance & personnel areas • MIS were introduced • Accessed, organized, summarized & displayed information for decision making • Produce predefined periodic reports • Support middle-level managers • Networking & electronic communication • OAS introduced. • CAD/CAM support available • DSS emerged tailored to provide specific solutions to problems

  7. Evolution of Information Systems • 1970 • 1980 • Top executives used EIS; provide critical information in the required format • Breakthrough in Artificial Intelligence lead to ES (Expert System) • IS & IT became integral part of business processes; helped organizations gain competitive advantage • Improve quality of information thus ensure accuracy o f input data

  8. Basic Framework of a System Input Feedback Processing Output

  9. Basic Framework of an Information System No deviation Input , Processing, Output, Feedback , Control Transform , storage Display , reports, queries Data, instructions InformationSystem Output • Processing • Classify • Arrange • Calculate Input Feedback Performance Environment (customers, suppliers, stock-holders, competitors)

  10. Types of Controls

  11. Approaches to Processing • Transactions are accumulated & stored in a group or batch • Stored till some reporting time or need to process it • Used in old systems where massive transactions occurred • e.g. Payroll, end of year reports Approaches to Processing • Enters transactions which are linked directly to a computer • Transactions are processed immediately • Airline, Bar code reader, hotel reservation system

  12. Classification of Information Systems Business System support the different functional areas by supporting decisions at both operations & management levels

  13. Business Process Re-engineering • BPR emphasizes on people & procedures • Is the analysis & redesign of workflow within & between enterprises • Michael Hammer & James Champy were the main proponents • Davenport’s 5 step approach to the BPR model is : • Develop the Business vision and process objectives • Identify the business processes to be redesigned • Understand & measure the existing processes • Identify IT levers • Design & build a prototype of the new process

  14. BPR cycle

  15. Test yourself ! From all the Chapters

  16. Question 1 • System prototyping helps the designer in A. Making the programmers understand how the system will function B. Communicating to the user, quickly, how the system, when developed, will look like and get a feedback C. Giving a demo of the software, to the system manager to whom he reports D. Both (a) and (b) E. None of the above

  17. Question 2 • Which of the following systems implementation approaches should be used if you want to run the old system and the new system at the same time for a specified period? A. Direct B. Pilot C. Parallel D. Phased E. None of the above

  18. Question 3 • A system design aid should primarily A.Help analyze both data and activities B. Help in documentation C.Generate code D. Using a graphical user interface E. None of the above

  19. Question 4 • To reconstruct a system, which of the following key element(s) must be considered A. Feedback and environment B.Control and processors C. Outputs and inputs D. All of the above E. None of the above

  20. Question 5 • What is the process of building a model that demonstrates the features of a proposed product, service, or system? A. Prototyping B. Prototype C. Proof-of-concept prototype D. Selling prototype

  21. Question 6 • User documentation and training are provided during which SDLC phase? A. Maintenance B. Analysis C. Implementation D. Integration

  22. Answers • 1- B • 2-C • 3-A • 4-D • 5-A • 6-C

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