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Mental disorder An introduction. John Crichton Consultant Forensic Psychiatrist. How can Mental Disorder be understood?. Disease model Psychodynamic Behavioural Cognitive Social. Disease Model. Akin to the rest of medicine The phenomenological approach description of syndrome
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Mental disorder An introduction John Crichton Consultant Forensic Psychiatrist
How can Mental Disorder be understood? • Disease model • Psychodynamic • Behavioural • Cognitive • Social
Disease Model • Akin to the rest of medicine • The phenomenological approach • description of syndrome • identification of pathological processes • natural history of the syndrome • treatment
Psychodynamic model • Origins with Freud • importance of early experience and unconscious processes • use of free association in therapy • aim for insight and change
Behavioural Model • Origins in animal experiments • rewarded behaviour reinforced • phobias
Cognitive model • Automatic thoughts or ways of thinking • hopelessness guilt and worthlessness • catastrophising
Social Model • Means two different things • social factors in disease • sociology of deviance • labelling - Rosenhan • antipsychiatry
Dementia • Global progressive deterioration of function - memory intellect personality • an organic disorder • 5% over 65; 10% over 80 • F:M 2:1
Schizophrenia • Major mental illness • Characterised by psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions • Also negative symptoms • 1% of the population • Controlled by antipsychotic medication
Manic-Depression • Characterised by periods of elated mood and depressed mood with psychotic symptoms • 1% of the population • Controlled by mood stabilisers
Depression • Can be part of manic depression or psychotic depression. Most commonly not characterised by psychosis. • Low mood, biological symptoms, cognitive symptoms • Prevalence 5-30% • Twice as common in women
Personality Disorder • An individual’s characteristic way of behaving and feeling in a variety of situations consistently through adulthood. • May at its extremes cause subjective distress and social problems. • Various types
Other conditions • Eating disorders • Substance misuse • Learning disability • ADHD • Autistic spectrum disorder • Head injury • Gender dysphoria • PTSD