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U.S. Department of Energy Perspectives on Waste Classification

U.S. Department of Energy Perspectives on Waste Classification. Doug Tonkay Director, Office of Waste Disposal LLW Forum Spring 2019 Meeting April 17, 2019. Introduction. US Department of Energy (DOE) Manual 435.1-1 identifies requirements for radioactive waste management

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U.S. Department of Energy Perspectives on Waste Classification

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  1. U.S. Department of EnergyPerspectives on Waste Classification Doug Tonkay Director, Office of Waste Disposal LLW Forum Spring 2019 Meeting April 17, 2019

  2. Introduction • US Department of Energy (DOE) Manual 435.1-1 identifies requirements for radioactive waste management • Purpose of the Manual • “…manage DOE’s radioactive waste in a manner that is protective of worker and public health and safety, and the environment.” • Risk-informed, performance-based approach for low-level radioactive waste (LLW) classification for on-site disposal • Can consider waste form, containers, barriers, and site conditions • Inadvertent human intrusion also considered • Specific concentration values used to identify transuranic (TRU) waste • High-level radioactive waste (HLW) classified based on origin, but processes available to reclassify based on hazard

  3. Nuclear Safety Regulatory Framework

  4. DOE Directives https://www.directives.doe.gov/directives-browse

  5. USDOE On-Site Facilities and Commercial Options Hanford Site 200 West Burial Grounds 200 East Burial Grounds Integrated Disposal Facility ERDF 18 Tank Farms Idaho National Laboratory Idaho CERCLA Disposal Facility RWMC LLW Disposal Facility Idaho Tank Farm Facility Remote-Handled LLW Facility Fernald Portsmouth Energy Solutions Weldon Spring Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Paducah Waste Control Specialists Nevada National Security Site Area 5 Rad Waste Management Area 3 Rad Waste Management Area 5 RCRA Disposal Facility Savannah River Site E Area LLW Facility Saltstone Disposal Facility F Area Tank Farm H Area Tank Farm Existing CERCLA Disposal Facility Los Alamos National Laboratory Technical Area 54, Area G Proposed CERCLA Disposal Facility Oak Ridge EM Waste Management Facility EM Disposal Facility SWSA 6 LLW Operations Disposal Facility/Tank Farm Closure Proposed LLW Disposal Facility/Tank Farm Closure Closed Disposal Facility Facilities Commercial LLW Disposal Facility

  6. Spectrum of Facilities for DOE LLW – DOE Sites Risk-informed, performance-based approach to identify appropriate disposal; have option to send some waste to off-site facility • Nevada Nuclear Security Site • Unlined trenches, containerized waste • Wide variety of wastes • Idaho CERCLA Disposal Facility • Double liner, leachate collection • Soils, debris, some large items • Savannah River Site Vaults • Reinforced concrete vaults • Wide variety of wastes, voids filled with grout • Saltstone Disposal Facility • Cementitious waste form • Concrete barriers • HLW Tank Closure • Cementitious fill planned • Concrete and steel tanks

  7. Spectrum of Facilities for DOE LLW – Commercial State regulated facilities, use US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) classification system with a performance assessment • Waste Control Specialists (WCS) • Concrete lined, deep cell • Class A, B, and C LLW and Mixed LLW in Federal Waste Facility • Energy Solutions of Utah (ES) Clive Facility • Disposal cells • Class A LLW and Mixed LLW

  8. Comparisons to International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) • DOE uses disposal facilities similar to Very LLW, LLW and Intermediate Level Waste (ILW) facilities as described by IAEA, but does not use the terms VLLW or ILW for definitions • DOE generators have access to commercial options that are equivalent to VLLW • WCS Exempt RCRA, • Bulk Survey for Release (BSFR) in Tennessee, and • Other potential options through authorized limits e.g. US Ecology Grand View, Idaho • While DOE currently defines HLW based on the origin of the waste rather than the presence of significant heat generation and radionuclide activity as described by IAEA, this is currently under review by DOE. 9

  9. Oversight • State regulators, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and U.S. NRC can be involved for on-site disposal and site closure • Disposal at commercial facilities is regulated by NRC Agreement States • Public involvement during planning and decision process (e.g., National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) • DOE has independent oversight organizations (e.g. Low-Level Waste Disposal Facility Federal Review Group (LFRG) and Office of Enterprise Assessment (EA))

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