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Essential Computer Concepts

Essential Computer Concepts. Objectives. Compare the types of computers Describe the components of a computer system Describe input and output peripheral devices Examine data representation and the ASCII code Define memory and storage

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Essential Computer Concepts

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  1. Essential Computer Concepts

  2. Objectives • Compare the types of computers • Describe the components of a computer system • Describe input and output peripheral devices • Examine data representation and the ASCII code • Define memory and storage • Identify the hardware and software that are used for data communications and to establish a network connection New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2007: Windows Vista Edition

  3. Objectives • Explain how Internet access, e-mail, and the World Wide Web affect the use of computers • Describe potential security threats to computers and protection methods • Discuss the types of system software and their functions • Identify popular application software • Describe how data is shared among different types of application software New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2007: Windows Vista Edition

  4. What Is a Computer? • A computer is an electronic device that accepts information and instructions from a user, manipulates the information according to the instructions, displays the information in some way, and stores the information for retrieval later New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2007: Windows Vista Edition

  5. Types of Computers • Personal computers (PCs) • Desktop computers • Notebook (laptop) computers • Tablet PCs • Handheld computers • PDA (personal digital assistant) • MP3 players • Mainframe computers • Supercomputers New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2007: Windows Vista Edition

  6. Types of Computers New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2007: Windows Vista Edition

  7. Computer Systems • Includes computer hardware and software • Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer • Software refers to the intangible components of a computer system, particularly the programs, or lists of instructions, the computer needs to perform a specific task • The design and construction of the hardware of a particular computer is referred to as its architecture or configuration • The technical details about each component are called specifications New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2007: Windows Vista Edition

  8. Processing Hardware • The motherboard is the main electronic component of the computer • Circuit board which controls the specific functions • It has the processing hardware New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2007: Windows Vista Edition

  9. Processing Hardware • The microprocessor is one of the most important pieces of processing hardware on the motherboard • Also called CPU (Central processing Unit) • Transistor and electronic circuits on a silicon chip • Cards are removable circuit boards New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2007: Windows Vista Edition

  10. Processing Hardware • Microprocessor Speed: • Clock speed: Is measured in MHz (million cycles per second) or GHz (billion cycles per second) • Word Size (number of bits processed per second) • Dual and Single core processor • Two processors on single chip • One Processor on single chip New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2007: Windows Vista Edition

  11. Input and Output • The data or instructions you type into the computer are called input • The result of the computer processing your input is referred to as output • Peripheral devices accomplish input and output functions New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2007: Windows Vista Edition

  12. Input Devices • You use an input device, such as a keyboard or a mouse, to input data and issue commands • Keyboard • Ergonomic • Pointing device • Controls the pointer • Mouse • Scroll wheel • Trackball • Touch pad • Pointing stick • Scanner New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2007: Windows Vista Edition

  13. Output Devices • Output devices show you the results of processing data • Monitor • Flat panel • LCD • CRT • Printer • Laser • Inkjet • Dot matrix New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2007: Windows Vista Edition

  14. Data Representation • Binary digits (bits) • A series of eight bits is called a byte • Kilobyte (KB or K) • Gigabyte (GB) • Terabyte (TB) • ASCII • American Standard Code for Information Interchange New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2007: Windows Vista Edition

  15. Memory • Random access memory (RAM) • Volatile memory • Constantly changing as computer is on • SDRAM • Synchronous dynamic RAM (synchronized with processor) New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2007: Windows Vista Edition

  16. Memory • Cache memory (RAM cache or CPU cache) • Special high speed memory chip on motherboard • Frequently and recently accessed data and commands are stored here • Virtual memory • Simulates additional RAM New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2007: Windows Vista Edition

  17. Memory • Read-only memory (ROM) • BIOS (Basic Input Output System) • Basic functionality like motherboard instructions, recognize peripherals, and start boot process • Nonvolatile memory • Complementary metal oxide semiconductor memory (CMOS) • Semipermanent memory • Hardware memory changes if hardware changed • Stores date and time New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2007: Windows Vista Edition

  18. Storage Media • A computer file is a named collection of stored data • An executable file contains the instructions that tell a computer how to perform a specific task • A data file is created by a user New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2007: Windows Vista Edition

  19. Storage Media • Magnetic media • Hard disk New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2007: Windows Vista Edition

  20. Storage Media • Tape • Floppy disk • Optical storage device • CD • DVD • CD-R • CD-RW • CD-ROM New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2007: Windows Vista Edition

  21. Storage Media • Flash memory • Flash memory cards • USB flash storage device • USB drive (flash drive) New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2007: Windows Vista Edition

  22. Data Communications • The transmission of text, numeric, voice, or video data from one computer to another or to a peripheral device is called data communications • Sender and receiver • Channel • Protocol • Device driver (driver) New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2007: Windows Vista Edition

  23. Data Bus • This path between the microprocessor, RAM, and peripherals is called the data bus • Controller card • Expansion card • Expansion slot New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2007: Windows Vista Edition

  24. Networks • A network connects one computer to other computers and peripheral devices, enabling you to share data and resources with others • Network interface card (NIC) • LAN • WAN • WLAN • PAN • WiMax New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2007: Windows Vista Edition

  25. Telecommunications • Telecommunications means communicating over a comparatively long distance using a phone line or some other data conduit • Modem • Digital and analog signals • DSL New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2007: Windows Vista Edition

  26. The Internet • The Internet is the largest network in the world, connecting millions of people • Electronic mail • World Wide Web • Web page • Web site New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2007: Windows Vista Edition

  27. Security Threats on Your Computer • Security refers to the steps a computer owner takes to prevent unauthorized use of or damage to the computer • Malware • Viruses • Antivirus software • Spyware • Adware • Firewall • Phishing • Pharming New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2007: Windows Vista Edition

  28. System Software • System software manages the fundamental operations of your computer • Operating system • System resource • Multitasking • Utilities • Programming Languages New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2007: Windows Vista Edition

  29. Application Software • Application software enables you to perform specific computer tasks, such as document production, spreadsheet calculations, and database management • Document production software New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2007: Windows Vista Edition

  30. Application Software • Web site creation and management software • Spreadsheet software • Database management software New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2007: Windows Vista Edition

  31. Application Software • Presentation software New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2007: Windows Vista Edition

  32. Application Software • Photo editing software • Multimedia authoring software • Accounting software • Information management software New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2007: Windows Vista Edition

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