1 / 29

Greenhouse Soybean Cultivation and Maintenance

Greenhouse Soybean Cultivation and Maintenance . At the Plant Care Facility University of Illinois Nathan A. Deppe, PCF Coordinator. Plant Care Facility - Information. Comprised of Three Greenhouse Complexes Turner Hall Greenhouse Built circa 1965 (3 phases)

cargan
Télécharger la présentation

Greenhouse Soybean Cultivation and Maintenance

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Greenhouse Soybean Cultivation and Maintenance At the Plant Care Facility University of Illinois Nathan A. Deppe, PCF Coordinator

  2. Plant Care Facility - Information • Comprised of Three Greenhouse Complexes • Turner Hall Greenhouse • Built circa 1965 (3 phases) • 30 bays for research, demonstration, and education based plant materials • Conventional materials only (no regulated plants or organisms)

  3. Greenhouse Complexes • Plant Sciences Laboratory Greenhouse • Built circa 1985 • 65 bays • Variety of research and education based materials • Biosafety level 1 and 2 for research with regulated plants and organisms

  4. Greenhouse Complexes - Cont. • USDA Greenhouse • Built in 2005 • 10 bays • Specialized soybean and maize research (APHIS permitted materials) • Biosafety level 1 and 2 containment

  5. Greenhouse Complexes-Cont. • In total, 100 bays for plant material • Approximately 1 hectare in area • Used by College of ACES, Department of Plant Biology, USDA-ARS, and private companies

  6. Plant Types at PCF • Plant Collections • Tropical and sub-tropical plants • Ferns, epiphytes, succulents • Horticultural Crops • Floral, bedding, and vegetable crops • Agronomic Crops • Small cereal grains • Perennial grasses • Maize and sorghum • Soybean

  7. Greenhouse Staff • Three Greenhouse Section Managers • Building Operating Engineer • Soil Operations Manager • Plant Biology Staff • PCF Clerk • Part-time Student Employees

  8. Substrate Selection and Preparation For superior soybean research at the Plant Care Facility

  9. Soilless Based Products • Plug and Seedling Mix • Fafard product (fine peat and perlite) • Medium Porosity • Sunshine Loose Compact #1 (LC1) • Contains medium grade peat and perlite • High Porosity • Metro-Mix 900 • Peat, perlite, bark, and vermiculite

  10. Benefits of Soilless Substrates • Lightweight construct makes for easier handling • Vessels/pots are less heavy to transport • Better infiltration of water and nutrients • Peat offers superb cation-exchange capacity • Increased ability to leach salts • RECOMMENDATIONS: • Use medium porosity mixes during colder months and high porosity mixes during warmer months • Try a variety of mixes to see what performs best for your research • Do not overheat if pasteurizing or sterilizing prior to use

  11. Potential pH Adjustment • pH of soilless substrates are generally low (5-6.5) • Adjust using dolomitic limestone • Incorporate mechanically in mix • Suspend in liquid and leach thru soil profile

  12. Mineral Soil Based Products • Local topsoil blended with: • Sand (fine or medium grade) • Peat • Perlite • Vermiculite • Calcined clay • Soilless bagged mixes • Nutritive amendments

  13. Preparing Soil Substrate Mixes • Shred local topsoil to fine tilth • Mix ingredients in batch mixer • Load into pasteurization soil cart • Pasteurize at 175 F for 1 hour • Transport to site

  14. Popular Soybean Soil Mixes • Conventional Soybean Mix • Mix and pasteurize 1:1:1 (soil : sand : perlite (by volume)) • Transgenic Soybean Mix • Mix and pasteurize 2:1 (conventional soybean mix : metro-mix 900 (by volume)) • RECOMMENDATIONS: • Use on small scale plantings if you are unfamiliar with soil mixes • Do not use in tall columnar pots as sinking soil will drastically increase bulk density thereby plugging drainage

  15. Monitor Soil Pasteurization • Soil pasteurization is required to destroy: • Soil borne diseases • Weed seed • Insects • Pasteurizing at high temps on long cycles can lead to: • Manganese toxicity in soybean

  16. Substrate Fertility For excellent soybean growth at the Plant Care Facility

  17. Water Soluble vs. Slow Release • Slow Release Fertilizer • Incorporate into substrate • Topdress • Aim for one application • Osmocote products • 13-13-13 (8-9 mo) • 15-9-12 (8-9 mo) • 17-5-11 (5-6 mo)

  18. Water Soluble Fertilizers • Water Soluble Fertilizer • Constant feed or pulse fertilization • Easy to dose by concentration of N,P,K (ppm) • Multiple formulations for diverse plant types and growth stages • Everris Products • Peter’s Excel • 15-5-15 cal-mag • Peter’s Professional • 15-0-15 • 15-5-25 • 20-20-20

  19. Fertilizer Recommendations • If using slow release products, water soluble fertilizers can be applied as needed during plant cycle • Make sure to frequently leach salts from soil column as to not increase electrical conductivity past point of damage • Determine the alkalinity of your water supply to help you select the most compatible water based fertilizers at your facility • Keep phosphorous in check

  20. Integrated Pest Management Minimizing insects, mites, and disease on plants at the PCF

  21. Cultural, Biological, and Chemical Control • Cultural Control for Managing Pests • Sanitary conditions • Removal of pest infested material • Implement sound irrigation and fertilization regimes • Keeping plants spaced and rooms organized

  22. Sanitation thru Heat Treatment • Heat Treating (baking) Greenhouse Rooms • Increasing room temp to over 100 F for a period of days • Minimizes insects, mites, and pathogens • Exercise caution as to not over heat room thereby damaging electronics or shade materials

  23. Biological Control Agents • BCA Program at PCF • Damage thresholds established per research objectives • Weekly scouting for insect and mite damage on soybean • Order and release BCAs monthly

  24. BCAs Used at the PCF • Amblyseius californicus • Predatory mite that feeds on two-spotted spider mites • Packaged with vermiculite carrier • Breeding sachets for slow release • Amblyseius cucumeris • Predatory mite that feeds on thrips • Packaged with bran carrier • Sprinkled liberally on infested plant leaf surfaces

  25. BCAs Used at the PCF – Cont. • Cryptolaemus montrouzieri • Predatory beetle used to control mealy bug • Purchased in small increments • Released from plastic container • Encarsia formosa • Parasitic wasp used to control whitefly • Pupae adhered to card and releases into canopy once pupates into adult

  26. BCAs Used at the PCF – Cont. • Orius spp • Minute pirate bug predates on thrips • Produce/rear our own supply of Orius spp • Eggs laid on fresh bush bean pods • Bean pods disseminated once eggs hatch nymphs • Others • Amblyseius (Typhlodromips) swirskii – Controls thrips and whitefly • Phytoseiulus persimilis - Controls mites

  27. Chemical Control of Pests • Chemicals are Applied as Required to: • Disinfect flats, pots, surfaces, etc. from pathogens • Kill insects, mites, and diseases when above thresholds • Decrease prey (pest) populations to allow BCAs to effectively work

  28. BCA and Chemical Control • Prior to starting a biological control program, ensure you have a supplier that can deliver/ship BCAs next-day • Determine BCAs needed by prey, room environment, plant type and rotation • List and procure chemicals that can be applied post-biological release in case prey populations increase • Do not give up if immediate results are not observed

  29. Questions? Thanks! Nathan A. DeppeUniversity of Illinois PCF Coordinator 1201 S. Dorner Dr Urbana, Il 61801 Email: ndeppe@illinois.edu Website: pcf.aces.illinois.edu Phone: 217-333-3058

More Related