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Understanding the Periodic Table: Organization and Properties of Elements

The Periodic Table of Elements organizes all known elements in a meaningful way, thanks to Dmitri Mendeleev's foundational work in the 19th century. Elements are arranged by atomic number, chemical properties, and physical attributes. The table features rows called periods and columns known as groups, which classify elements such as Alkali Metals and Noble Gases. Elements are categorized into metals, nonmetals, and metalloids, each exhibiting distinct properties. Understanding the structure and classification within the Periodic Table is essential for studying chemistry.

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Understanding the Periodic Table: Organization and Properties of Elements

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  1. UNIT 1 The Periodic Table

  2. The Periodic Table of the Elements • Organizes all of the elements in a meaningful way • Dmitri Mendeleev (1830-1907) organized the then known elements according to their mass, chemical properties, and physical properties.

  3. Periodic Table

  4. Periodic Table Main group Main group Transition metals Inner transition metals 1st row – lanthanides 2nd row - actinides

  5. Periodic Table Atomic number (Z) 26 Fe 55.845 Element symbol Atomic mass

  6. The Periodic Table • The rows are called periods.

  7. Period 3

  8. Period 4

  9. The Periodic Table The columns are called groups. • Several of the groups have names.

  10. Group 1 – Alkali Metals

  11. Group 2 – Alkaline Earth Metals

  12. Group 16 - Chalcogens

  13. Group 17 - Halogens

  14. Group 18 - Noble Gases

  15. The Periodic Table • Two broad classifications • Metals • Nonmetals • and a boundary between them • metalloids (semimetals)

  16. Periodic Table boundary between metals (left) and nonmetals (right)

  17. Metals

  18. Properties of Metals • metallic shine • conduct electricity • conduct heat • malleable • ductile • solids at room temperature (except for mercury) • compounds are mostly ionic

  19. Nonmetals

  20. Properties of Nonmetals • do not conduct electricity well • do not conduct heat well • not malleable • not ductile • solids and gases at room temperature (and one liquid) • compounds between nonmetals are mostly molecular

  21. Metalloids

  22. Properties of Metalloids • conduct some electricity • like nonmetals otherwise • Si, Ge, and As can be found in semiconductors

  23. Main group Main group Transition metals Lanthanide series Actinide series

  24. Elements that exist as diatomic molecules

  25. Elements That Are Liquids at Room Temperature

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