1 / 50

Large-Area Micro-pore Photo-sensors

Large-Area Micro-pore Photo-sensors. Henry-Frisch Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago. Constantinos Melachrinos (grad student) (idea of Howard Nicholson). Large-Area Micro-pore Photo-sensors OUTLINE.

carissad
Télécharger la présentation

Large-Area Micro-pore Photo-sensors

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Large-Area Micro-pore Photo-sensors Henry-Frisch Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago Constantinos Melachrinos (grad student) (idea of Howard Nicholson) ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  2. Large-Area Micro-pore Photo-sensorsOUTLINE • Basic ideas- small characteristic size, homogeneity, scalability, integrated low-power cheap electronics. • Parameters tuneable to application- space/time resolution, occupancy, readout deadtime, cost. • Status and proposed time-line for development? • Typical expected performance • Application to a water Cherenkov counter (also to Liquid Argon?) • Possible Opportunities: • `Hermetic’- close to 100% coverage? • Reduced cost of PM’s for same volume • More opportunities for cavern aspect ratio/ fiducial volume • Robustness against pressure, magnetic field? • Tracking detector- possible track/vertex reconstruction? • Sign determination (weak field)?? ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  3. Large-Area Micro-pore Photo-sensorsWHAT THIS IS NOT A proposal for an alternative to the baseline detector A mature collection of thoughts A description of a well-understood technology A plan with a schedule and resource requirements Any attempt to get in the way of making DUSEL real. WHAT THIS IS A response to new R&D on large-area psec photo-detectors started for collider applications and PET, and enabled by new developments in front-end electronics. An investigation into a possible application of large-area fast photo-detectors to a high-priority US project. An exploration of the parameter space for water Cherenkov neutrino detectors- coverage, resolution,.. An effort that would have a lot of spin-offs for society. ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  4. Typical path lengths for light and electrons are set by physicaldimensions of the light collection and amplifying device. Why has 100 psec been the # for 60 yrs? These are now on the order of an inch. One inch is 100 psec. That’s what we measure- no surprise! (pictures from T. Credo) Typical Light Source (With Bounces) Typical Detection Device (With Long Path Lengths) ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  5. RF Transmission Lines as anodes • Small features for amplification- `Homogeneous’ • Large transverse size for readout is pulse shape-preserving • Readout both ends of transmission lines • Work on leading edge- ringing not a problem for this fine segmentation Solving the Small/large Problem ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  6. Characteristics we need • Feature size <~ 300 microns (= 1 psec at c) • Homogeneity (ability to make uniform large-area- think amorphous semicndtr solar-panel) • Fast rise-time and/or constant signal shape • Lifetime/robustness/simplicity • Cost/unit-area << that for photo-multipliers ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  7. An Explanation of what follows • I’ve been driven by wanting to follow flavor-flow in colliders- most of our work has been focused on that geometry- light made in window by a relativistic particle, ~30 photo-electrons, goal of <= 1 psec timing. You’ll see most results for this regime- have to scale back to single photons • Haven’t thought much at all about applying this to neutrino detectors- Howard Nicholson suggested it while listening to a talk. Hence this workshop. • Note- good time and space resolution come naturally in this design- get 3D (`tomographic’) info by design. ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  8. Detector Development- 3 Prongs • 1. Electronics- have settled on wave-form sampling Already demonstrated by Breton, Delanges,Ritt, and Varner- many `pieces’ exist, main change is going to faster process and pooling expertise. Reasonable precision (see talk at Lyon by Genat)- few psec with present rise times, ~1 with faster MCP design. Gives much more than time- space, pileup, etc. (Tang Lyon talk) 2. MCP development- techniques and facilities (probably) exist- ALD, anodic alumina--will require industry, natl labs, 3. Simulation – Electronics simulation in good shape Rudimentary `end-to-end’ MCP device simulation exists- starting up with commercial packages (SimIon, CPO, …) Validation with laser teststand and beam line started ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  9. GOAL: to Develop Large-Area Photo-detectors with Psec Time and mm SpaceResolution Too small- can go larger- (But how does multiplication work- field lines?) From Argonne MSD ALD web page- can we make cheap (relatively) ultra-fast planar photo-detector modules? ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  10. Generating the signal for relativistic particles (HEP, nuclear, astro, accelerator- but different for neutrinos) Incoming rel. particle Custom Anode Present work is with commercial MCP’s: e.g. Burle/Photonis Planicons. Expensive (!), hard to get, little flexibility. BUT- it works. And well. Use Cherenkov light - fast ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  11. Design Goals Colliders: ~ 1 psec resolution, < 100K$/m2 Neutrino H2O: ~100 psec resolution, < 1K$/m2 PET: ~ 30 psec resolution, < 20% of crystal cost Micro-photograph of Burle 25 micron tube- Greg Sellberg (Fermilab)- ~2M$/m2- not including readout ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  12. Proof of Principle • Camden Ertley results using ANL laser-test stand and commercial Burle 25-micron tube- lots of photons • (note- pore size may matter less than current path!- we can do better with ALD custom designs (transmission lines)) ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  13. Understanding the contributing factors to 6 psec resolutions with present Burle/Photonis/Ortec setups- Jerry Vavra’s Numbers • TTS: 3.8 psec (from a TTS of 27 psec) • Cos(theta)_cherenk 3.3 psec • Pad size 0.75 psec • Electronics 3.4 psec ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  14. `Photo-multiplier in a Pore’ • Idea is to build a PMT structure inside each pore- have a defined dynode chain of rings of material with high secondary emissivity so that the start of the shower has a controlled geometry (and hence small TTS) • One problem is readout- how do you cover a large area and preserve the good timing? • Proposed solution- build anode into pores, capacitively couple into transmission lines to preserve pulse shape. ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  15. Psec Large-area Micro-Channel Plate Panel (MCPP)- LDRD proposal to ANL (with Mike Pellin/MSD) N.B.- this is a `cartoon’- working on workable designs-join us… Front Window and Radiator Photocathode Pump Gap Low Emissivity Material High Emissivity Material `Normal’ MCP pore material Gold Anode 50 Ohm Transmission Line Rogers PC Card ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors Capacitive Pickup to Sampling Readout

  16. Get position AND timeAnode Design and Simulation(Fukun Tang) • Transmission Line- readout both ends=> pos and time • Cover large areas with much reduced channel account. ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  17. Photonis Planicon on Transmission Line Board Couple 1024 pads to strip-lines with silver-loaded epoxy (Greg Sellberg, Fermilab). ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  18. Photonis Planicon on Transmission Line Board Ed May, Jean-Francois Genat- a week ago… Left: laser on one spot; Right: laser then moved over 10 mm and plots superposed. (3.1 psec/count- last week) ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  19. Comparison of measurements (Ed May and Jean-Francois Genat and simulation (Fukun Tang) • Transmission Line- simulation shows 3.5GHz bandwidth- 100 psec rise (well-matched to MCP) • The time difference yields a velocity of 64ps/cm against 68ps predicted

  20. Scaling Performance to Large AreaAnode Simulation(Fukun Tang) • 48-inch Transmission Line- simulation shows 1.1 GHz bandwidth- still better than present electronics. ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  21. Front-end Electronics Critical path item- probably the reason psec detectors haven’t been developed • We had started with very fast BiCMOS designs- IBM 8HP-Tang designed two (really pretty) chips • Realized that they are too power-hungry and too ‘boutique’ for large-scale applications • Have been taught by Gary Varner, Stefan Ritt, Eric DeLanges, and Dominique Breton that there’s a more clever and elegant way- straight CMOS – sampling onto an array of capacitors • Have formed a collaboration to do this- have all the expert groups involved (formal with Hawaii and France)- see talks by Tang and Jean-Francois at Lyon ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  22. FY-08 Funds –ChicagoAnode Design and Simulation(Fukun Tang) ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  23. Front-end Electronics • Wave-form sampling does well- CMOS (!) ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  24. Front-end Electronics- Schedule • Collaboration with ANL, UC,Hawaii, Orsay, Saclay, and advise and wisdom and parts from PSI => have all 4 sampling groups. J-F in France now with them. • Have proposed 3 ½ year schedule for completion of 0.13 micron 40-GS/sec ASIC for collider and other relativistic particle applications. • Present chips probably adequate for neutrino application- don’t need few psec resolution- have new PSI DRS4 on its way to UC now; chips from all gps in use in running experiments • Needs a needs assessment- but no show stoppers... ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  25. Modus Operandi so far • In Nov. 2005, we had our 1st workshop- idea was to invite folks working or interested in related subjects- didn’t know many (most) of them • Have developed tools and knowledge- also contact with pioneers and practictioners (Ohshima, Howorth, Va’vra,…; Breton, Delanges, Ritt, Varner) • Development clearly too big for one group- devices, electronics, applications- have worked collaboratively with each other, national labs (see talks by Karen, Andrew,Jerry,…), and industry (Burle/Photonis, Photek, IBM,…) ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  26. Development of the Device • Started effort with ANL HEP, Materials Science, and Energy Systems Divisions • Have started investigating AAO using facilities of Center for Nano-scale Materials Hau Wang (ANL/MSD) First try- not final pores or final process… but shows what they can do quick.. ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  27. Development of the Device • Schedule- working on making a resource-loaded schedule • Workshop at end of February dedicated to device development • Idea is to have a preliminary plan by end of workshop real plan by early summer • Do relativistic particle, single-photon, and PET in parallel until paths diverge. • My hope is that it’s 3-4 years. ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  28. Application to a water Cherenkov Counter- effect on the physics ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  29. Application to a water Cherenkov Counter- effect on the physics • What does coverage buy ? • What does spatial resolution in x-y buy? • Can x-y-z resolution allow track reconstruction? • Can x-y-z resolution allow pizero-electron sep? • Can one get momentum from multiple scattering? • What are the trade-offs in geometry if you have robust (pressure-resistant) detectors? (Mayly) • What haven’t we thought of? (e.g. magnetic field for sign determination). ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  30. Schedule and Milestones (?) • Small (1”) AAO with pores- started (Hau) • Same with ALD- tests of gain • Same with photo-cathode and anode- laser tests • 2” x 6” AAO with pores • Same with ALD- tests of gain • Same with photo-cathode and anode • Same with sampling chip readout (chip started) • 8” x 8” (or so- a “floor-tile”)- same steps • In parallel of latter, commercialization (NDA signed). • 4 years??? Depends on talent, resources, investment- many details- but many indications it’s possible. ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  31. Thank you ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  32. My Questions This Time-INote- many questions from previous workshops have been answered! • What is the electric field geometry in the MCP pore? (what are bulk and surface resistivities? ). • What is the response of a nano-carbon film to 200 eV electrons? (photons?) • After the first strike, can the pore be straight? • If one uses diamond (e.g.), do you really need fewer strikes? ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  33. My Questions This Time-IINote- many questions from previous workshops have been answered! • Other ways to make pores- e.g. Pierre Jarron’s developments? • Who makes big photocathodes? (Pioneer?) • Who is interested in learning how to make big photocathodes for fast timing? • Is there a simulation of the internal workings of photo-cathodes out there somewhere? ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  34. My Questions This Time-III • Can we get a serious simulation effort of the MCP functions started (collab with Lyon?)? • Funding from NSF Computing, SBIR, a a a a a European agency? • Are there MCP simulations already out there? • Can we find a Materials Science group with students, postdocs, etc. to work with us? ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  35. Simulation and Measurement • Have started a serious effort on simulation to optimize detectors and integrated electronics • Use laser test-stands and MTEST beam to develop and validate understanding of individual contributions- e.g. Npe, S/N, spectral response, anode to input characteristics,… • Parallel efforts in simulating sampling electronics (UC, Hawaii) and detectors (UC,Saclay, Tom Roberts/Muons.inc). ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  36. Argonne Laser Lab • Measure Dt between 2 MCP’s (i.e root2 times s); no corr for elect. • Results: 408nm • 7.5ps at ~50 photoelectrons • Results: 635nm • 18.3ps at ~50 photoelectrons ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  37. Work in Progress • Our way of proceding- use laser test-stand for development, validation of simulation- then move to testbeam for comparison with simulation with beam. • Changes to electronics readout • Add Ritt and/or Varner sampling readouts (interleave 10 GS) –in works • First test via SMA; then integrate chips onto boards? • Development of 40 GS CMOS sampling in IBM 8RF (0.13micron)- proposal in draft (ANL, Chicago, Hawaii, Orsay, Saclay) • Changes to the MCPs • 10um pore MCPs (two in hand) • Transmission-line anodes (low inductance- matched)- in hand • Reduced cathode-MCP_IN MCP_OUT-anode gaps- ordered • ALD module with integrated anode and capacitive readout- proposed(ANL-LDRD) ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  38. Psec Large-area Micro-Channel Plate Panel (MCPP)- LDRD proposal to ANL (with Mike Pellin/MSD) Front Window and Radiator Photocathode Pump Gap Low Emissivity Material High Emissivity Material `Normal’ MCP pore material Gold Anode 50 Ohm Transmission Line Rogers PC Card ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors Capacitive Pickup to Sampling Readout

  39. FY-08 Funds –ChicagoAnode Design and Simulation(Fukun Tang) ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  40. Jerry’s #’s re-visited : Solutions to get to <several psec resolution. • TTS: 3.8 psec (from a TTS of 27 psec) MCP development- reduce TTS- smaller pores, smaller gaps, filter chromaticity, ANL atomic-deposition dynodes and anodes. • Cos(theta)_cherenk 3.3 psec Same shape- spatial distribution (e.g. strips measure it) 3. Pad size 0.75 psec-Transmission-line readout and shape reconstruction 4. Electronics 3.4 psec –fast sampling- should be able to get < 1psec (simulation) ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  41. Muon Cooling position/time station design- LDRD (ANL) proposal H.Frisch Cartoon drawings showing the custom atomic-layer disposition, the small pores, and the custom anode configuration (left) and our proposed module frame (right) ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  42. Summary • Next step is to make anodes that give both position and time- hope is few mm and << 10 psec resolutions. This would allow systems of (say) 6” by 6” size with ~100 channels- good first step. • Muon cooling is a nice first application of psec tof- not to big, very important, savings of money. • We have made a number of false starts and wrong turns (e.g. the IBM bipolar 200 GHz electronics), but the fundamentals look good- don’t see a hard limit yet. • Have formed an international community- 2 workshops per year (France and Chicago)- includes companies (Photonis, Photek, IBM) • Work to be done specifically for muon cooling- specify a system. Will be easier after testing next round of anodes. Also needs the sampling chips. ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  43. K-Pi Separation over 1.5m Assumes perfect momentum resolution (time res is better than momentum res!) 1 Psec ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  44. Engineering Highlights • F.Tang (UChicago) designed Voltage Control Oscillator using IBM 0.13um SiGe BiCMOS8HP • More challenging - Time Stretcher chip (including ultra low timing jitter/walk discriminator & dual-slope ramping time stretching circuits etc.) • From simulations, accuracy not good enough (5-10 psecs) F.Tang • Power concerns • NEW: Invented 2 new schemes - a) Multi-threshold comparators, b) 50 GHz 64-channel waveform sampling. Both schemes give energy and leading edge time. • Current plan: Save waveform and use multiple thresholds to digitize. Use CMOS (J.F. Genat, UChicago) • Dec meeting at UChicago with UChicago, ANL, Saclay, LBL & Hawaii, IBM and Photonis ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  45. MCP Best Results Previous Measurements: • Jerry Va’vra SLAC (Presented at Chicago Sep 2007) • Upper Limit on MCP-PMT resolution: s MCP-PMT ~ 5 ps • Takayoshi Ohshima of University of Nagoya (Presented at SLAC Apr 2006) • Reached a sMCP-PMT ~ 6.2ps in test beam • Using two 10 um MCP hole diameter • PiLAS red laser diode (635 nm) • 1cm Quartz radiator (Npe ~ 50) Burle/Photonis MCP-PMT 85012-501 (64 pixels, ground all pads except one) • Use 2 identical 6 micron TOF detectors in beam (Start & Stop) • Beam resolution with qtz. Radiator (Npe ~ 50) ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  46. R&D of MCP-PMT Devices • We are exploring a psec-resolution TOF system using micro-channel plates (MCP's) incorporating: • A source of light with sub-psec jitter, in this case Cherenkov light generated at the MCP face (i.e. no bounces): Different thicknesses of Quartz Radiator • Short paths for charge drift and multiplication: Reduced gap • A low-inductance return path for the high-frequency component of the signal: • Optimization of the anode for charge-collection over small transverse distances: • The development of multi-channel psec-resolution custom readout electronics directly mounted on the anode assembly: ASIC, precision clock distribution • Smaller pore size: Atomic Layer Deposition ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  47. Atomic Layer Deposition • ALD is a gas phase chemical process used to create extremely thin coatings. • Current 10 micron MCPs have pore spacing of 10,000 nm. Our state of the art for Photonis MCPs is 2 micron (although the square MCPs are 10 micron). • We have measured MCP timing resolution folk-lore is that it depends strongly on pore size, and should improve substantially with smaller pores (betcha). M.Pellin, MSD Karen Byrum slide, mostly ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  48. ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  49. ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors

  50. FY-08 Funds –ANLLaser Test Stand at Argonne Hamamatsu PLP-10 Laser (Controller w/a laser diode head) 405 & 635nm head. Pulse to pulse jitter < 10psec (Manufacture Specs) Electronics Lens to focus beam on MCP Diaphram with shutter to next box MCP 2 Mirrors to direct light Mirrors to delay light 50/50 beam splitter X-Y Stager ANL Workshop on Large-Area Photo-Detectors Laser Head MCP 1

More Related