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Carbon Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites

Carbon Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites. LA-UR: 12-25532 Author: Quanxi Jia Intended for: 24 th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012. Carbon Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites. Quanxi Jia E-mail: qxjia@lanl.gov

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Carbon Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites

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  1. Carbon Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites LA-UR: 12-25532 Author:Quanxi Jia Intended for:24th Modern Engineering & Technology Seminar (METS 2012), Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 11 - 14, 2012

  2. Carbon Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites Quanxi Jia E-mail: qxjia@lanl.gov Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, NM 87545 LAUR#:

  3. Acknowledgements Y. Y. Zhang, G. Zou, Y. Lin, H. Luo, S. A. Baily, N. Haberkorn, F. Ronning, N. A. Mara, L. A. Civale, A. K. Burrell, T. M. McCleskey, and E. Bauer Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 J. H. Lee, Z. Bi, andH. Wang Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 Y. T. Zhu North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695

  4. Outline • Introduction • Experimental details and results • CNT/PDMS stretchable conductors • CNT/NbC composites • Summary

  5. Outline • Introduction • Experimental details and results • CNT/PDMS stretchable conductors • CNT/NbC composites • Summary

  6. Unique Properties of Carbon Materials • Graphite • Diamond • C60 • CNT • Graphene Dai et al., Small8, 1130 (2012).

  7. Carbon Nanomaterialsfor Energy Conversion and Storage Dai et al., Small8, 1130 (2012). C60-grafted graphene for solar cells Li-ion batteries with CNT/G hybrid electrodes 3D pillared CNT/G electrodes Supercapacitors with graphene electrodes Supercapacitors with CNT electrodes Metal-free catalysts for fuel cells

  8. Graphene-Based Displays, Electronic Devices, and Photonics Novoselov et al., Nature490, 192 (2012).

  9. Outline • Introduction • Experimental details and results • CNT/PDMS stretchable conductors • CNT/NbC composites • Summary

  10. Our Research on CNTs and Nanocomposites CVD Array thickness plays an important role in determining the performance of fibers/ribbons. Fe (1 nm)/Al2O3(10 nm)/SiO2/Si • Adv. Mater. 18, 3160 (2006). • ACS Nano 3, 2157(2009). • Carbon 47, 3332 (2009). • Nat. Nano. 4, 738 (2009). • Adv. Mater. 22, 3027 (2010). CNT array (spinnable) 50 µm Continuous CNT ribbons directly drawn from CNT array 1 mm • CNT ribbons sandwiched in polymer or in inorganic thin films • CNT composite fibers (inorganic & organic)

  11. 20nm Ribbons from Long CNT Arrays Ribbons being pulled from array Fan et al., Nature 419, 801 (2002). 1m 4.6 mm array

  12. Various Applications of CNT Arrays Synthesized with Special Catalyst Pretreatments Effect of deposition process on the alignment of CNT arrays ACS Nano 3, 2157(2009).

  13. Different Curvatures in CNT Arrays ACS Nano 3, 2157(2009).

  14. Strategies Used to Achieve Stretchable Interconnections Liquid Metal/alloy Stretch Mechanical robustness Electronic conductance Stretchable interconnections e.g. Rubber e.g. Metal Stretch compress Kim et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011904 (2008). Cheng et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 144103 (2009). Browden et al., Science, 393, p146 (1998). Rogers et al., Nat. Nano. 1, 201 (2006). Liquid metal/alloy- filled channels Wavy/net-shaped connections

  15. Schematic Illustration of the Formation of CNT/PDMS Films CNT ribbon PDMS = poly(dimethylsiloxane) CNT ribbon embedded in PDMS (1) Lay CNT ribbons on PDMS sheet PDMS (4) Cure the PDMS (2) Fabricate electrodes Uncured PDMS (3) Cover the CNTs with uncured PDMS Adv. Mater. 22, 3027 (2010). Electrode

  16. Transparent and Flexible CNT/PDMS Composite Films PDMS CNT/PDMS 3 cm • Transparent (~60 %) • Flexible

  17. Resistance ~ Strain Characteristics of CNT/PDMS Composite Films 0% 4 50% 5.0x10 4 4.5x10 1st releasing 4 4.0x10 4 100% 3.5x10 Resistance(Ohm) 4 3.0x10 2nd stretching 4 2.5x10 4 2.0x10 1st stretching 4 1.5x10 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Strain (%)

  18. Resistance ~ Strain Relationship of CNT/PDMS Composite Films 50 times Hu et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 16110 (2009). 10 times Sekitani et al., Science 21, 1468 (2008). • Ten samples have been measured and similar resistance variation behaviors during stretching/releasing have been observed.

  19. Outline • Introduction • Experimental details and results • CNT/PDMS stretchable conductors • CNT/NbC composites • Summary

  20. Different Techniques Availableto Grow Thin Films • Physical vapor deposition (PVD) • Sputtering, e-beam evaporation, molecular beam epitaxy, pulsed laser deposition • Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) • Plasma-enhanced CVD, low pressure CVD, metal-organic CVD • Chemical solution deposition (CSD) • Sol-gel, metal-organic decomposition (MOD)

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