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El Dia del Independencia. El 16 de septiembre!. Early History. 20,000 B.C. first humans in Mexico 150 A.D. Teotihuacan completed 125,000 people AD 250-600 Classic Mayan 250-900 A.D. Uxmal Post Classic Period Chichen Itza. Aztecs I. Originally a nomadic tribe
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El Dia del Independencia El 16 de septiembre!
Early History • 20,000 B.C. first humans in Mexico • 150 A.D. Teotihuacan completed • 125,000 people AD 250-600 • Classic Mayan 250-900 A.D. • Uxmal • Post Classic Period • Chichen Itza
Aztecs I • Originally a nomadic tribe • Priests led them to the Valle de Mexico-present day Mexico City – Eagle eating a snake on a cactus • The chosen tribe of Huizilopochtli - Aztecs • Around 1325 Tenochtitlan founded on island in el lago Texcoco • Aztec Empire built by Ahuizotl – more than 200,000 inhabitants - over 1,000,000 in the valle • Successor was Monctezuma II • Believed that Hernan Cortes was Quetzalcoatl • Monctezuma saw Quetzalcoatl’s arrival in a mirror in the head of a bird.
Aztecs II • Most dominant Tribe in Valley • Many Sacrifices, 20,000 for newest temple • Many enemies, prisoners were sacrificed • Empire has 38 tax-paying provinces – 5,000,000 people by 1450’s • Exacted tribute for glorification of Aztec Elite • Jade, turquoise, cotton, paper, tobacco, rubber • Cacao and feathers • Human sacrifices were designed to keep the sun alive, believed they were in the fifth world, the other four were destroyed by death of the sun and humanity.
Aztecs III • Used Mayan Calendar Round • 18 20 day months • 365 day years • 52 year rounds • 10,000 yr rounds
Spanish Conquest • 1519-1521 Spanish Conquest – Hernan Cortes • Doubted Aztecs were humans • Brought 11 ships and 550 men with 16 horses • Governor of Cuba Diego Velasquez, who originally commissioned the mission got cold feet and tried to cancel it. • Set sail 2-15-1519 • Based in Cuba – arrived by boat in first in Cozumel • then to Tabasco – smacked around some inhospitable natives picked up la Dona Marina ( La Malinche) and 20 maidens • …finally put in near Veracruz • Made friends with Aztec’s enemies • Monctezuma eventually welcomed the Spaniards • Arrived 11-8-1519 • 6000 indigenous, Cortes, and 400 Spanish troops • Eventually took Monctezuma hostage to prevent any hostility • Cortes left when another fleet was said to have arrived at the coast to arrest him.
Spanish Conquest II • Cortes left 140 soldiers • Cortes’ army defeated the newly arrived party and took as part of his own party the survivors. • Spanish attacked fearing an attack themselves killing 200 • Spanish fled 6-30-1519 and returned with 100,000 of their closest friends.
Colonial Era • By 1524 Aztec Empire was toast. • Silver in Zacatecas, Guanajuato, and other places in 1540’s • Mexican population declined from 25,000,000 to 1,000,000 by 1605. • Pennisulares, Criollos, Mestizos, Indigenous • Dissent began w/Criollos in the late 1700’s • 1808 Napoleon occupied Spain • Spanish control evaporated • Rivalry between Criollos and Penninsulares • Queretaro – Dona Josefa Dominguez Ortiz, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, Ignacio Perez, Ignacio Allende, Jose Morelos y Pavon.
Colonial • Mobs marched on Celaya, San Miguel, and Guanajuato • Hidalgo hesitated to attack Mexico thus was captured. • Dead heads • Finally Success
End of it all. • Jose Morelos y Pavon picked up where Hidalgo left off but was captured and killed in 1815. • Finally Augustin Iturbide and Vincente Guerrero earned independence in 1821-this led to Mexico’s first emperor – Augustin I in 1822. • First election -1910 • First REAL election 2000.
