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GECs, and Food System in Indian Punjab

GECs, and Food System in Indian Punjab. Characteristics, Vulnerability and Adaptation Strategies by Rajinder Sidhu and Kamal Vatta Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana, India. Basic Agricultural Characteristics of the Punjab State.

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GECs, and Food System in Indian Punjab

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  1. GECs, and Food System in Indian Punjab Characteristics, Vulnerability and Adaptation Strategies by Rajinder Sidhu and Kamal Vatta Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana, India

  2. Basic Agricultural Characteristics of the Punjab State Punjab is the food basket of India producing about 20% of country’s wheat and 9% rice with 1.5% geographical area. • Total population: 27.5 million • Population in rural areas: 66% • Geographical area: 5.03 m ha • Net sown area: 4.2 m ha • Cropping intensity: 188% • Irrigated area: 97% -Through groundwater:74% • N+P+K use: 409 kg/ha • Area under rice-wheat : 80% • Productivity/annum: rice+wheat: 9 t/ha (90% of potential) • Procurement for PDS: Wheat: 10 mt; paddy: 130 mt • Per capita income: Rs 35,700

  3. Determinants of food availability

  4. Determinants of food availability

  5. Determinants of Access to Food

  6. Determinants of Food Utilization

  7. Determinants of Food Utilization (Food Safety)

  8. Emerging Climatic Risks: Implications for food system • Decline in rainfall and ground water: Vulnerable Food Production System, increasing cost of production →low availability, declining access

  9. Emerging Climatic changes and their Implications for food system • Increasing Relative Humidity: Higher insect-pest attacks→ increasing cost of production and falling income→ Declining access • Large variations in Temp: Fall in productivity→ Declining wheat production, low income→ Declining availability and access

  10. Impact of GEC on wheat productivity, profitability Fall in productivity from 4.7 tons in 2000/01 to 4.2 tons in 2006/7 and increase in cost of production

  11. Increase in cost of production in last decade (Rs/ha at 2006/07 prices) Rice Irrigation- 26% (Rs 1527) Chemicals- 69% (Rs 541) Total - Rs 2068 Fall in farming profitability (Rs/ha.) Wheat Irrigation- 37% (Rs 620) Chemicals- 250% (Rs 788) Total - Rs 1408/ha The incidence of poverty among Punjab farmers increased from 8.65 per cent during 1995-96 to 11.36 per cent in 2005-06.

  12. Lesson: Increase in production alone does not ensure food and nutritional security.

  13. Perceptions of Individual Households

  14. Adaptive Strategies

  15. Thanks

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