Senior Thesis Presentation

1. Senior Thesis Presentation Thursday, April 17, 2003 Scott Huber Mechanical Systems

2. Outline General Lighting Mechanical • General Building Information • Lighting System Analysis • Mechanical System Depth Analysis • Construction Analysis • Conclusions Construction General Lighting Mechanical Construction

3. 180,000 ft2 • 5 stories high, plus basement level and 2 story penthouse • Connected to new Life Sciences Building by two story walkway spanning Shortlidge Avenue • Cost - $63,000,000 General Building Information General Lighting Mechanical Construction

4. Project Team • Owner: • The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (Used by PSU) • Architects: Bower Lewis Thrower / Payette Associates - Joint Venture • Structural Engineer: Gannett Fleming • Mechanical Engineer: Bard, Rao, and Athanas • Landscape Architect: Lager Raabe Skafte • General Contractor: Alexander Constructors, Inc. (currently, was Fiore for Phase I) • Construction Manager: Reynolds Construction Management General Lighting Mechanical Construction

5. Structural Features • Reinforced concrete continuous mat foundation thickened at the column bases • Superstructure in the east-west direction - moment frames • North-south direction - braced frames • Floor construction - composite metal deck on composite beams with shear studs General Lighting Mechanical Construction

6. Electrical Features • Two large substations receive 12.47 kV • 1500/1930 kVA transformer • 408/277 V 3Ø, 4 Wire. • 3000 amp bus duct connects the two substations should one happen to fail. • 600 kW diesel-fired emergency generator. • Majority of lights T8 lamps • Dimmer panels for seminar rooms and conference rooms General Lighting Mechanical Construction

7. Seminar 102 General Lighting Mechanical Construction

8. Lighting System Study Purpose: • To develop a recommendation for improving the lighting situation in the seminar room. • To give advice on selecting the most cost effective Lutron dimming equipment. General Lighting Mechanical Construction

9. Current Lighting Design (30 fc) General Lighting Mechanical Construction

10. Proposed All Fluorescent Design (40 fc) General Lighting Mechanical Construction

11. Dimming Equipment Costs Existing SystemProposed Fluorescent System GP-8: $5000 (2) GRX-FDBI: $210*2=$420 GRX-4106: $1200 GRX-3106: $1010 (10) FDB-T432: 10*$120=$1200 (24) FDB-T432: 24*$120=$2880 (28) Reg. Ballasts: 28*$40=$1120 (4) GRX-TVI: 4*$200=$800 Total: $7400 Total: $6230 • Lighting Power Density for All Fluorescent option ≈ Savings = $7400-$6230 = $1,170; LCC Savings = $43,170 1.45 W/ft2 < 1.6 W/ft2 General Lighting Mechanical Construction

12. Lighting Circuit Diagram General Lighting Mechanical Construction

13. Conclusion for Lighting Study Should switch all lighting to 120 V compact fluorescents, with only 2 circuits actually dimmable. Use GRX-3106 instead of GP-8. General Lighting Mechanical Construction

14. Mechanical System Depth Study 4 large AHU’s serve building. • AHU-1: - 90,000 cfm, 100% OA • AHU-2: - 100,000 cfm, 100% OA • AHU-3: - 72,500 cfm, 100% OA • AHU-4: - 72,000 cfm, return air General Lighting Mechanical Construction

15. Problems with Current Design • Currently, supply air specified at 47° F, 47 gr/lb • Unnecessary sub-cool based on my load calculations • Currently no energy recovery used on 100 % OA units. General Lighting Mechanical Construction

16. Objectives of Redesign • Select a system that lowers annual energy consumption associated with conditioning so much outside air • Select a system that has the lowest Life Cycle Cost, based on a life of 10 years • Check preliminary issues with construction to see if new design can fit within existing shell of building General Lighting Mechanical Construction

17. Kathabar Advantages: • Energy recovery with cooling tower • Up to 94% of all airborne bacteria, viruses, and molds are killed by the liquid desiccant solution. • The system primarily runs off of heat to the regenerator. So if the application has waste heat from a generator, annual cost can be very cheap. • The system can provide winter humidification. LiCl has a very low freezing temperature, such that temperatures as low as -60° F are possible without concern about freezing. General Lighting Mechanical Construction

18. Kathabar Disadvantages: • LiCl is a very corrosive liquid. • The tank is made of fiberglass instead of metal because of this • Because there needs to be a conditioner and regenerator, the unit takes up more space than a conventional cooling coil in an air handling unit. General Lighting Mechanical Construction

19. AHU-2 Kathabar System Schematic General Lighting Mechanical Construction

20. AHU-2 Modified System w/ CT Schematic General Lighting Mechanical Construction

21. Modeling the Systems • EES program was written • BinMaker Data for Williamsport used • Study done only on AHU-2, other AHU’s are linearly extrapolated from this • Utility rates: Electricity: $0.03745/kWh Steam: $9.76/ 1000 lbs General Lighting Mechanical Construction

22. General Lighting Mechanical Construction

23. Steam = $1 / 1000 lbs, Elec = $7/KW, $0.08/kWh General Lighting Mechanical Construction

24. Lowest LCC: Modified Original System with Cooling Tower Energy Recovery Life Cycle Cost Results PWKATHABAR = PWORIGINAL = PW MOD ORIGINAL = PW MOD W/CT = . . . . . . . $1,504,284 . . . . . . . . . $937,502 . . . . . $684,702 PW MOD W/CT = . . . . . . . . . $89,007 . . . . . . . . . $89,007 General Lighting Mechanical Construction

25. Construction Issues with Selected Design • Can the additional cooling towers fit into the existing penthouse? • Do the additional cooling towers add any weight to the structure? • What important considerations are there in the idea of exhausting air through a cooling tower? General Lighting Mechanical Construction

26. General Lighting Mechanical Construction

27. Construction Issues with Selected Design • Can the additional cooling towers fit into the existing penthouse? • Do the additional cooling towers add any weight to the structure? • What important considerations are there in the idea of exhausting air through a cooling tower? They Can They don’t • The cooling tower doesn’t need large clearances on certain sides • The cooling tower needs an exhaust stack to 15’ above roof level General Lighting Mechanical Construction

28. Final Conclusions • Seminar 102 – switch lighting to 120 V compact fluorescents, with only 2 circuits actually dimmable. Use GRX-3106 instead of GP-8. • AHU 1,2,3 - exhaust air through cooling towers to provide heat recovery The savings over the proposed 10 year life of the equipment are tremendous compared to the original system. • The cooling towers can fit into the existing penthouse, and they don’t add significant weight to the existing structure.

29. Acknowledgements • AE faculty: Profs. Freihaut, Mumma, Bahnfleth, Mattern, Mistrick, Ling • Industry help: PSU OPP: Lisa Berkey Bard, Rao, & Athanas: Ed Marchand Kathabar: Bill Szabo and Bill Griffiths • Students: Jeremy White (3D CAD), Allison Brown (Lightscape), Peter Drake (PowerPoint)

30. Questions?