Roosevelt and the New Deal

1. Roosevelt and the New Deal The Great Depression (1929-1941) Chapter 26, Section 2

2. Essential Questions: • Should Rules Ever Be “Bent?”

3. 1932 Presidential Election • Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) (Related to Theodore Roosevelt) Won the 1932 Election! • Democrat! • Elected in November 1932. Had to Wait Until March 4th, 1933 to Take Office • 20th Amendment! (Now January)

5. FDR vs. Hoover • FDR Gave Americans Hope in His Inaugural Address! • FDR Was a Democrat: Against Laissez Faire! • FDR Wanted to Use the Power of the Government to Solve the Great Depression • Created a “Brain Trust” to Create Solutions to Fight the Depression

6. FDR’s Inaugural Address • March 4th, 1933 • “Let Me Assert My Firm Belief, That the Only Thing We Have to Fear is Fear Itself.” • What Was He Trying to Say to the American People? • You Tube the Speech!

8. Roosevelt Takes Charge!!! • After Inauguration Speech at the Capitol, FDR Went Straight Back to the White House • FDR Skipped All of the Inauguration Balls • FDR Worked All Night Long With the “Brain Trust” & Congressmen!

9. 3 Immediate Steps!!! • FDR Took 3 Immediate Actions To Boost the American People’s Confidence! • Step #1 = The Bank Holiday! • FDR Shut Down ALL Banks in the United States! • Step #2 = FDR Promised Only Banks in Good Shape Would Re-Open!

11. Step #3: The Fireside Chats • FDR Every Night Would Speak to the Country From the White House • FDR Would Explain What the Government Was Doing to Solve the Great Depression! • Made Americans Feel Better & Gain More Confidence that the Government is Doing Something to Help! • FDR – Great Leadership Skills!

14. The New Deal • FDR’s Plans to Fight the Depression • A Number of Programs to Get People Back to Work! • If People Get a Paycheck, They Will Spend $$$! Then…

15. The 100 Days Campaign • Famous Session of Congress (March-June 1933) • Every Day FDR Sent Bills to Congress for them to Approve! • 100 Days Campaign Passed the New Deal, FDR’s Programs to Fight the Great Depression!

17. The 3 “R’s” of the Hundred Days Campaign! • Relief = Feed the Hungry and Create Jobs for the Unemployed • Recovery = Help Agriculture (Farmers) and Businesses • Reforms = Change the Way the Economy Worked! (Make Sure Depression NEVER Happens Again!)

18. The New Deal Programs: AAA(The 100 Days Campaign) • AAA – Agricultural Adjustment Administration • Regulated Farm Production and Promoted Soil Conservation • Paid Farmers Not to Grow Crops! Why Would the U.S. Do That?

20. The New Deal Programs: CCC • CCC– Civilian Conservation Corporation • Hired Young Men to Plant Trees, Build Dams, Work on Conservation Projects • Gave Men Jobs!

21. CCC Work Camps in the U.S.

22. New Deal Program: FDIC • FDIC – Protects/ Insures the $$$ of Depositors in Banks • If the Bank Fails, Gets Robbed, Catches Fire, Etc…, The Government Insures Your $$$! • Insured Up to $100K (Obama has Moved That Up to $250K) • If People Place $$$ in Banks, Then Banks Can Lend Out Loans to New Businesses = Create Jobs

23. The New Deal Programs: NRA • NRA– The National Recovery Administration • Regulated Industry and Raised Wages and Prices • The Blue Eagle!

27. New Deal Programs: PWA • PWA – Public Works Administration • Created Jobs By Having People Build Highways, Bridges, Tunnels, and Other Public Works Projects • Put People to Work!

29. The New Deal Programs: TVA • TVA – Tennessee Valley Authority • Built More Than 40 Dams in Tennessee (Gave People Jobs!) • Dams Create Hydroelectric Power (Cheap & Clean) • Energy Bills in Tennessee are about 1/3 Less!

31. Power Supplied By TVA

32. The New Deal Programs: FERA • FERA – Federal Emergency Relief Administration • Provided Federal Money for Relief Projects to 13 Million Unemployed • Gave Out Food and Jobs!

35. Responses to the New Deal: • Conservatives (Republicans) Thought the New Deal Went to Far! Laissez-Faire! • Feared U.S. Government Was Getting too BIG! • Feared U.S. Couldn’t Pay for All of the New Deal Programs! (Raise Taxes!) • Feared That U.S. Was Moving Towards Socialism! Government Runs Everything Equally!

36. Responses to the New Deal: • Huey Long – Senator from Louisiana • Thought the New Deal Did Not Go Far Enough! • Wanted Redistribution of All Wealth to All Americans (Everyone Shares All the $$$) • Wanted Socialism!

37. Father Charles Coughlin • Wanted the New Deal to Help the Poor More! • Socialism! • Blamed Jewish Followers for the Depression! (Had His Own Radio Show that the Catholic Church Canceled!) • Racist!

38. Dr. Francis Townshend • Did Not Like the New Deal! • “Father” of the Social Security System • Wanted the U.S. Government to Give $200 a Month to Every U.S. Citizen Over 60 Years Old (Create a Sales Tax to Pay for it!)

39. 1934 Congressional Election: • FDR Elected in 1932 • House of Representatives Gets Elected Every 2 Year • Americans Usually Elect the Opposite Party in Congress (President Does Not Get Too Powerful!) • Americans Elected More Democrats to Congress!!! Showed They Supported FDR and the New Deal!!! • Democrats Now Had Control of the White House (Executive) and Congress (Legislative)