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TB 101 “Basic Facts on Tuberculosis”

TB 101 “Basic Facts on Tuberculosis”. What we should know…. The TB Scenario Defining TB: Cause, Transmission, and Manifestations Risk of TB infection Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis TB Treatment and Cure Preventing transmission Proper Management of TB cases.

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TB 101 “Basic Facts on Tuberculosis”

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  1. TB 101“Basic Facts on Tuberculosis”

  2. What we should know… • The TB Scenario • Defining TB: Cause, Transmission, and Manifestations • Risk of TB infection • Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis • TB Treatment and Cure • Preventing transmission • Proper Management of TB cases

  3. 1/3 of the World Population is Infected 1 Person is Infected per Second 1.9 Million People Die of TB each Year Philippines is 1 of the world’s 22 high-burden countries for Tuberculosis TB Burden in the World

  4. 22 million reported infections TB kills 75 Filipinos per day TB is the 6th leading cause of Mortality and Morbidity Undiagnosed TB cases remain high in local communities TB Burden in the Philippines

  5. What is Tuberculosis? TUBERCULOSIS is an infectious disease caused by a micro bacteria called “Tubercle bacilli”. It is airborne. It usually affects the lungs but may also affect other organs in the body like the meninges, bones, kidneys etc.

  6. The Tubercle Bacilli • Characteristics: • slow growing • can survive inside cells of the human body • exposure to direct sunlight can kill the bacteria in sputum Other Names: Mycobacterium tuberculosis TB germ

  7. How is it transmitted? The TB Bacilli spreads through airborne inhalation of droplets of infection coming from a TB patient whenever a person coughs or sneezes, without covering his mouth.

  8. How does PTB develop? • TB bacilli enters the body and lodges in the lungs (TB Infection). • In the lungs, they multiply and slowly eat the cells and the body begins to experience symptoms (TB Disease) • If undiagnosed, lungs cells are eaten up leading that may lead death. A person is infected after inhaling droplets from a person with TB

  9. What are the signs and symptoms of TB? • Persistent coughfor at least 2 weeks • Chest pains/ Back Pains (breathlessness) • Persistent low grade feverfor more than a month Significant weight loss with or with out loss of appetite • Hemoptysis (Blood-tinged sputum) • Feeling of weakness (tiredness) • Night Sweats

  10. Who are at risk of getting TB? • People who share the same breathing space with someone who has infectious TB • Health workers, specially those working in long-term facilities (prison, sanitariums, etc.) • People whose immune systems are compromised (People with HIV infection, Pneumonia, Chronic lung disease, etc)

  11. Who are at risk… • People exposed to silica and those with jobs that compromise the respiratory system (mine workers) • People underweight and malnourished (esp. Children) • Alcoholics and IV drug users • Others

  12. How is TB diagnosed? • Sputum Microscopy • It shows the TB bacilli in the sputum • It is the most definitive diagnostic tool of Tuberculosis

  13. How is TB diagnosed? • Chest X-Ray • Determines extent of the lung damage • Not a very definitive diagnostic tool

  14. How is TB cured? • TB can be cured. • DOTS (Directly-Observed Treatment Short Course) is the recommended strategy to cure TB. • It ensures the right combination and dosage of anti-TB drugs. • It ensures regular and complete intake of anti-TB drugs. • Patient takes drugs every day with the help of a treatment partner.

  15. With proper treatment… We want to treat patients with DOTS: • To make them get well as soon as possible • To make them stop spreading the disease onto others in the community • To avoid complications and multi-drug resistance (MDR)

  16. How can TB be prevented? • BCG vaccination for infants (newborn to 1 year old). This gives 80-85% protection against development of complicated TB among children; • Hygienic practices like covering the mouth when coughing and sneezing; and • Early diagnosis and treatment of TB infectious cases to stop transmission

  17. Other Preventive Measures… • Maintain open air circulation inside the house • Have enough sleep • Eat nutritious food that boost the immune system • Avoid smoking, drinking alcohol, and use of prohibited drugs

  18. What are some misconception about TB?

  19. REMINDERIf you experience the signs and symptoms of TB, do not be ashamed. Immediately visit our clinic for proper diagnosis and treatment

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