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Explore Mendelian Genetics: Dominance, Alleles, and Inheritance Patterns

Discover the foundational principles of genetics through the groundbreaking research of Gregor Mendel. Explore heredity and the transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring, focusing on dominant and recessive traits. Learn how traits like height and seed color illustrate the law of segregation, where factors segregate during gamete formation, and the law of independent assortment, distributing traits independently. Understand key concepts such as genotypes, phenotypes, and the significance of homozygous and heterozygous allele combinations.

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Explore Mendelian Genetics: Dominance, Alleles, and Inheritance Patterns

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Genetics

  2. Gregor Mendel • Researched heredity • The transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring • Found characteristics with 2 opposite traits • Height (tall or short) • Seed Color (green or yellow) • Flower color (purple or white)

  3. Dominant & Recessive • Green peas (X) Yellow peas • F1 Generation were only Green • F2 Generation had Green & Yellow peas • One characteristic or FACTOR was suppressing the other • This factor is DOMINANT • The suppressed factor is RECESSIVE • It is not seen when paired with the dominant factor

  4. Law of Segregation • A pair of factors is segregated, or separated, during the formation of gametes. • Remember from meiosis that reproductive cells are haploid – they only have 1 factor

  5. Law of Independent Assortment • Factors for different characteristics are distributed to gametes individually • So if we have two different characteristics, one will not affect another

  6. Independent Assortment - NOW • This only applies if the genes are far apart from each other, or if they are on different chromosomes

  7. Alleles • We call these “factors” ALLELES • Letters are used to represent alleles • Uppercase letters are DOMINANT • Lowercase letter are RECESSIVE

  8. Genotype • The genetic make-up of an organism • It’s alleles

  9. Phenotype • The physical appearance of an organism • Is a result of the genotype

  10. Homozygous • When both alleles in a pair are the same • RR = homozygous dominant • rr = homozygous recessive

  11. Heterozygous • Have one of each allele, so the alleles are different • Rr or Aa

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