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CHAPTER 8: JEFFERSONIANISM & THE ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS

CHAPTER 8: JEFFERSONIANISM & THE ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS. 1801-1824. AGE OF JEFFERSON. JEFFERSONIANISM—HIS PHILOSOPHY OF GOVERNMENT HE WAS TRULY A RENAISSANCE MAN SALLY HEMINGS SCANDAL BELIEVED THAT HIGH TAXES, STANDING ARMIES & CORRUPTION COULD DESTROY AM LIBERTY

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CHAPTER 8: JEFFERSONIANISM & THE ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS

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  1. CHAPTER 8: JEFFERSONIANISM & THE ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS 1801-1824

  2. AGE OF JEFFERSON • JEFFERSONIANISM—HIS PHILOSOPHY OF GOVERNMENT • HE WAS TRULY A RENAISSANCE MAN • SALLY HEMINGS SCANDAL • BELIEVED THAT HIGH TAXES, STANDING ARMIES & CORRUPTION COULD DESTROY AM LIBERTY • WANTED STATE GOV’T TO MAINTAIN AUTHORITY

  3. JEFFERSONIANISM CON’T • THEORY CALLED FOR PLACING PUBLIC GOOD AHEAD OF ONE’S PRIVATE INTERESTS & TO EXERCISE VIGILANCE TO KEEP GOV’T FROM GROWING OUT OF CONTROL • AGRARIAN PHILOSOPHY VS INDUSTRIALIZED

  4. JEFFERSON’S REVOLUTION • IMMEDIATE ACTION ONCE IN OFFICE: • 1. SEC. OF THE TREASURY ALBERT GALLATIN OPPOSING VIEW OF AH • 2. REPEALED MANY TAXES • 3. SLASHED EXPENDITURES—REDUCED ARMY & CLOSED EMBASSIES

  5. JEFFERSON ACTIONS • 1801 TOOK ON ISSUE WITH BARBARY PIRATES IN MED. SEA NORTH AFRICA • YEARS OF BRIBERY IN ORDER TO PASS TO/FROM • CHANGE OF ACTION BY T.J. • BY 1805 PEACE TREATY WITH TRIPOLI---WAS IT A STRONG EC DECISION?

  6. JEFFERSON & THE JUDICIARY • ISSUES: 1. NO REP ON BENCH • 2. JUDICIARY ACT OF 18001—REDUCED # OF S.C. JUSTICES FROM 6 TO 5 • 3. CREATED NEW FED. JUDGES---FILLED BY LAME DUCK J.A. “MIDNIGHT JUDGES” • 4. WILLIAM MARBURY APPT TURNS INTO MARBURY V. MADISON 1803

  7. MARBURY VS. MADISON • ESTABLISHED DOCTRINE OF JUDICIAL REVIEW • STATED THAT WM SHOULD HAVE BEEN GIVEN APPT • OVERTURNED PART OF JUDICIARY ACT OF 1789 • COURT LECTURED J.M. & “DIRECTOR” T.J. MORAL DUTY • USED NEWLY EST. CHECKS & BALANCE SYSTEM • IRONY: MARBURY NEVER SERVED IN THE POSITION

  8. LOUISIANA PURCHASE 1803 • BG: SP CEDED LA TERR TO FR; • WHOSE IN CHARGE IN FRANCE? • MAJOR PLANS FOR A FR EMPIRE IN CARIBBEAN • T.J. CONCERNED MOSTLY ABOUT NEW ORLEANS • SP HAD GIVEN PERM RIGHTS OF DEPOSITS

  9. CON’T • REVOKED IN 1802—FROM SP OR BONAPARTE? • 2 REACTIVE DECISIONS: • 1. T.J. SENDS JAMES MONROE & ROBERT LIVINGSTONE TO FRANCE TO NEGOTIATE DEAL FOR N.O. & FLORIDA • 2. BONAPARTE—NERVOUS ABOUT WAR—DECIDES TO SELL LA TERRITORY

  10. LA PURCHASE • $15M—DOUBLED LAND SIZE OF U.S • MAP. 226 • 13.5 CENTS AN ACRE • DID T.J. HAVE THE CONST. POWER TO DO THIS? • DEBATE OF STRICT INTREPRETATION OF THE CONST. OR EXPAND EMPIRE OF LIBERTY? • KET CLIP—THIS ONE IS BETTER I PROMISE

  11. ELECTION OF 1804 • MAIN ISSUE NOT LA PURCHASE YET V-P AARON BURR • DUEL W/AH • DEALS W/FEDERALISTS • T.J. REPLACES W/G. CLINTON • WINS OVERWHELMINGLY • WHY? DOUBLED LAND SIZE, COUNTRY STAYS IN PEACEFUL STATUS, PAYING OFF NATIONAL DEBT

  12. LEWIS & CLARK EXPEDITION • SELECTED FELLOW VA FRIEND MERIWETHER LEWIS • 2ND IN CHARGE WILLIAM CLARK • STARTED IN MAY 1804 ST. LOUIS • HIRED A FRENCH-CANADIAN FUR TRADER TOUISSANT CHARBONEAU & WIFE SACAJAWEA (16 YRS OLD)

  13. EXPEDITION • TASKS: 1. TRACE MISSOURI RIVER TO IT’S SOURCE 2. CROSS WESTERN HIGHLANDS 3. GET TO PACIFIC OCEAN • 4. LEARN CUSTOMS, LANGUAGES, CLIMATE, WILDLIFE • GOAL: TO EXPAN AMERICAN OPTIONS FOR TRADING

  14. OBSTACLES • RESISTANCE FROM NATIVE AMERICANS • WEATHER & CLIMATE • UNKNOWN • WHAT DO YOU THINK?

  15. SUCCESS • REACHED PACIFIC OCEAN NOV. 1805 RET. TO ST. LOUIS • FINDINGS: 300M MTS FROM MO RIVER TO COLUMBIA R. • TALL TALES • ACCURATE MAPS & SKETCHES • HIGHTENED INTEREST IN WEST

  16. GATHERING STORM • ABURR—NOT RENOM. FOR V-P W/T.J. • CONSPIRES IN A PLOT TO SEVER THE UNION WITH EXTREME OR HIGH FEDERALISTS 1804 • AH FOILS PLOT ; AB DEFEATED IN GOV. ELECTION • BURR CHALLENGES AH TO A DUEL; JULY 11, 1804 KILLS AH

  17. BURR CON’T • INDICTED IN 2 STATES FOR MURDER; STILL V-P • HATCHES A SCHEME WITH LA TERR. GEN. WILKINSON; CONSPIRES TO CREATE IND. CONFEDERACY • WILKINSON CONVERTS BACK; BURR CAPTURED; PUT ON TRIAL FOR TEASON WITH CJ MARSHALL T.J. FURIOUS WITH MARSHALL OVER ISSUE OF PROOF OF TREASON

  18. BURR CONSPIRACY • NOT GUILTY VERDICT YET STILL DEALING WITH MURDER CHARGE OF AH • BURR ESCAPES TO EUROPE; WHAT HAPPENS TO HIM? • NEXT ISSUE: JOHN RANDOLPH PG. 232 ON YOUR OWN

  19. SUPPRESSION & IMPRESSMENT • WAR RESUMES BET. FR & GB • AFFECTS AM TRADING DURING WAR TIME • POLICY CALLED BROKEN TRADE—U.S. PLAYED SYSTEM TO GET ITEMS THROUGH CUSTOMS • EVENTUALLY TRADING DEBILITATED • PROCESS OF IMPRESSMENT HEIGHTENED • JUNE 1807 HMS LEOPARD ATTACKS USS CHESAPEAKE— ISSUE ENRAGES COUNTRY

  20. ROAD TO WAR 1812 • EMBARGO ACT OF 1807: MOST CONTROVERSIAL LEG. OF T.J.’S TERMS • PROHIBITS VESSELS FROM LEAVING AM PORT FOR OVERSEAS • T.J.’S INTENT: PEACEABLE COERCION; RESTRICTING TRADE • DOESN’T WORK; HARSHEST EFFECTS RIGHT AT HOME

  21. EFFECTS OF EMBARGO ACT • FARMERS DEVASTATED; NE AREA HIT HARD • FORCED A DIVERSION TO MANUFACTURING • NEXT ISSUE: PRES. ELECTION OF 1808 • REP. NOM JMADISON & GCLINTON VS FED. C. PINCKNEY & RKING • JMADISON 4TH PRESIDENT –GREATEST ATTRIBUTE: DOLLEY MADISON

  22. MADISON’S ACTIONS • FOLLOWED T.J. METHODOLOGY—SLIGHT DIFFERENCE—BELIEVED FARMERS NEEDED A MARKET • MARCH 1809 REP. EM ACT WITH NON-INTERCOURSE ACT WHICH OPENED TRADE TO ALL NATIONS EX. BRITIAN & FRANCE • COULD RESTORE TRADE IF THEY STOPPED VIOLATING NEUTRAL RIGHTS • MAY 1810 MACON’S BILL NO. 2 REP. N-I-A FAILS AS WELL

  23. MADISON CON’T • NEXT ISSUE TO DEAL WITH: WAR HAWKS • CAME FROM SOUTH & WEST: CLAY & CALHOUN • NEXT ISSUE : NATIVE AMERICANS • 1809-1811 WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON GOV. OF IND TERRITORY • TREATY OF FT. WAYNE CAUSED OUTRAGED—MILIONS OF ACRES FOR PENNIES

  24. BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE • INDIANS LED BY PROPHET INTO DOOM; BROTHER TECUMSEH PLACES CURSE ON WHH FOR HIS DEATH • BATTLE IS ONLY A SKIRMISH BUT THE EFFECTS ARE: • 1. WHH NATIONAL HERO • 2. N.A. CONVINCED TO ALLY WITH BR TO STOP SPREAD OF AM SETTLEMENT

  25. CONGRESS VOTES FOR WAR • COUNTRY SPLIT ON WAR ISSUE • MADISON SENDS HIS WAR MESSAGE OUT WITH MAJOR GRIEVANCE: IMPRESSMENT NEXT: INDIAN ALLIANCE WITH BR THIRDLY: EC RECESSION CREATED BY BR POLICY ON TRADING • JM VS TJ THEORY ON BRITISH BIT DIFFERENT & SET WAR OF 1812 INTO PLAY

  26. WAR OF 1812 • BATTLEFRONTS: 1. SEA 2. BRITISH NORTH AM (CANADA) 3. WASHINGTON D.C. • REFER TO MAP PG. 238 • NOTABLE NAMES: WHH, CAPT. OLIVER HAZARD PERRY & ANDREW JACKSON • BATTLES SUCH AS: QUEENSTON, DETROIT, LAKE ERIE & BLADENSBURG

  27. WAR OF 1812 • BR DESCEND ON WASHINGTON, D.C. • FAMOUS STORY OF DM FLEEING WITH PICTURE OF G.W. & BURNING OF EXEC. MANSION • WAR ENDS ABRUPTLY: WHY? THEY WEREN’T ACCOMPLISHING ANYTHING! • DEC. 1814 TREATY OF GHENT SIGNED • RESTORES STATUS QUO ANTE BELLUM ( STATE OF THINGS BEFORE WAR)

  28. WAR OF 1812 • MOST IMPACTING AM VICTORY TOOK PLACE AFTER PEACE AGREEMENT • BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS AJ AM CASUALTIES 13 TO BR 2,000 • HARTFORD CONVENTION LATE 1814 CT • GOAL: NE GRIEVANCES VS SOUTHERN REP

  29. HARTFORD CONVENTION CON’T • PROPOSAL TO AMEND CONST. TO ABOLISH 3/5’S CLAUSE, REQ. 2/3’S VOTE OF CONGRESS TO DEC. WAR & ADMIT NEW STATES • LIMIT THE PRESIDENT TO 1 TERM • PROHIBIT ELECTION OF 2 SUCCESSIVE PRES. FROM SAME STATE • BAR EMBARGOES LASTING MORE THAN 60 DAYS

  30. IMPACT OF HC • TREATY OF GHENT & BATTLE AT NO—ERASED FED. HOPES • MANY THOUGHT IT WAS A PLOT OF TREASON/TRAITOR • ELECTION OF 1816 USHERED IN “ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS” BY JAMES MONROE • PUTS AN END TO FEDERALISTS STAND

  31. AWAKENING OF AM NATIONALISM • WHITE HOUSE RENAMED • FRANCIS SCOTT KEY’S STAR SPANGLED BANNER AT FT. MCHENRY • PROVED TO AMERICA REPUBLIC COULD FIGHT A WAR W/O TURNING TO DESPOTISM

  32. IMPACT OF WAR 1812 • 1. ELIMINATED THE FED. AS A NAT’L POL. FORCE • 2. CONVINCED REP YOUNG AM COULD SUSTAIN ITSELF IN A WAR 3. REP. EMBRACED DOCTRINES ASSOC. W/FED.

  33. MARSHALL & HIS COURT • DARTMOUTH COLLEGE V. WOODWARD • MCCULLOCH V. MARYLAND

  34. MISSOURI COMPROMISE 1820-1821 • ISSUE OF ADMITTING MO AS A STATE: 16% TERRITORY WERE SLAVES • UNION HAD 11 SLAVE & 11 FREE STATES: THIS UPSET THE BALANCE • ALSO FEAR OF EXT. SLAVERY INTO NORTHERN TERRITORY • SERIES OF COMPROMISES RESOLVED THE CRISIS

  35. COMPROMISE TERMS • ADM. MAINE FREE ST & MISSOURI SLAVE • PROHIBITED SLAVERY NORTH OF 36’ 30’ LINE • SEE MAP 244 • IMMEDIATE TROUBLE: MO CONST. PROHIBITED FR BLACKS INTO THEIR TERR. • ANTISLAVERY NORTHERNERS BLOCKED MO ADMISSION INTO UNION • SECOND MO COMP BY CLAY BROKE STALEMATE

  36. MO COMPROMISE 1820 • MANY SAW IT AS A SO. VICTORY BECAUSE IT LEFT OPEN ISSUE OF CITIZENSHIP FOR FR BL • ISSUE CORNERSTONE PROBLEM UNTIL…….

  37. FOREIGN POLICY UNDER MONROE • JOHN QUINCY ADAMS (SON OF JA) SERVING AS SEC. OF STATE FOR JMONROE • FOSTERS RELATIONSHIP WITH BR • FOCUS ON SPAIN IN FL • 1819 SP AGREES TO ADAMS-ONIS TREATY • CEDES EAST FL TO U.S. ; AGREES TO A SO BORDER OF THE U.S. • SEE MAP PG. 244 ONCE AGAIN

  38. MONROE DOCTRINE 1823 • 3 KEY PRINCIPLES: • 1. U.S. POLICY ABSTAIN FROM EUROPEAN WARS UNLESS AM INTERESTS INVOLVED • 2. AM CONTINENTS WERE NOT “SUBJECTS FOR FUTURE COLONIZATION BY ANY EUROPEAN POWER” • 3. U.S. VIEW ANY ATTEMPT AT EUROPEAN COLONIZATION IN NEW WORLD AS AN “UNFRIENDLY ACT.” • HOW DID THE REST OF THE WORLD VIEW IT?

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