This comprehensive study guide outlines the composition and layers of Earth's atmosphere, including the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere. It discusses the physical states of water in the atmosphere, the greenhouse effect, and the significance of global warming caused by human activities. This document also includes diagrams, definitions, and key concepts such as radiation balance, air pressure changes with altitude, and the movement of air. Ideal for students to grasp atmospheric science fundamentals and their impact on the environment.
01 / 74Understanding Earth's Atmosphere and Climate Change Effects
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Understanding Earth's Atmosphere and Climate Change Effects
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Water in Atmosphere • Liquid Water (water droplets) • Solid Water (snow and ice crystals) • Gas Water (water vapor) • Changes in atmosphere cause water to change
Troposphere • Closes to Earth’s Surface • Densest Layer • Contains 90% of atmospheres total mass • Temperature Vary Greatly
2nd closes to Earths Surface Gases are layered and don't mix Lower part is extremely cold Upper part warms due to ozone layer Air is thin Stratosphere
Mesosphere • The coldest Layer • The layer in which a lot of meteors burn up while entering the Earth's atmosphere. Here temperature decreases as altitude increase This is an image which shows the Earth and its atmosphere. The mesosphere would be the dark blue edge on the far right hand side of the image.Click on image for full size (55K JPEG)Image courtesy of NASA
Ionosphere • Located at the upper part of mesosphere and Lower thermosphere • Absorbs harmful solar energy • Contains ions which make auroras
Thermosphere • Very High temperature • But feel cold do to less dense particles
Log: 24th • Describe the three physical states of water in the atmosphere. • How des altitude effect air pressure? Explain your answer.
Diagram Page450 • Draw the diagram Layers of Atmosphere • List 4 facts about each layer (try to find things not listed in notes) • Tell if layer is hot or cold? • How it protects the planet? • What prefix means • Be sure to include the ionosphere and ozone layer in the diagram
Radiation: Energy transfer by waves • the movement of heat waves through empty space. • Electromagnetic energy, such as light and radio waves, is transported by radiation. • The light that warms your face from the Sun is a form of electromagnetic radiation • When you heat a cup of tea in a microwave oven, the water is heated directly by microwave radiation, that is, by electromagnetic energy.
Convection: Transfer by Circulation • As things heat up they become less dense and rise • The cool substance will sink and once it is heated it will rise
Conduction transfer by contact • the transportation of heat through contact • In a solid, When a portion of the solid is heated, the atoms increase their rate of vibration at that point. Air molecules com in contact with object in atmosphere and transfer heat
Greenhouse Effect • Greenhouse Effect- the warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of the Earth occurs when water vapor, CO2and other gases absorb thermal radiation • Radiation Balance-the balance between the incoming and outgoing energy in our atmosphere
Global Warming • Theoretical thought of a gradual increase in average global climate. • Created by human activity • Burning fossil fuels • deforestation • Global warming is often a huge political topic • Environment pollution • How government uses money
March 3, 2010 • Quietly work on writing labs in your group • Question • Materials • Hypothesis • Procedure • Data: Copy the graph from lab
Log: March 4th • Describe why CO2 is dangerous for our environment and helpful?
Graphing Data Each graph should have a title that describes what the graph is about When graphing data, the independent variable always goes on the X axis, and the dependent variable always goes on the Y axis. . Each axis of the graph should be marked off in equal units and properly labeled. In general, use a line graph when both axes are the set of real numbers. Ex. Time, temperature, height, weight. In general, use a bar graph when one or both of the axes are not the set of real numbers. Ex. Different kinds of roach spray, people.
Conclusion What do my result tell me? Answer you objective Restate your findings as a concluding thought.
Today • Complete • Graphs • Conclusions • Turn everything in with group ( paper clip all papers) Next Work on Directed Reading
Reading check • List two of the Global Winds. • Why was horse latitude bad for horses?
Log: March 9th • All groups meet and make sure all parts of the lab are complete and turned in. • All group members papers should be together and paper clipped • Take out Homework Directed Reading form yesterday
Why air moves • Wind- the movement of air caused by differences in pressure • The greater the pressure difference the faster the wind moves Air rises at equator and sinks at the poles • Air at equator • Hotter • Less dense • Creates an area of Low pressure • Air at the poles • Colder • More dense • Creates an area of High pressure
Coriolis Effect The curving of the wind and ocean currents due to the rotation of the Earth Example: Winds traveling North curve to the East
Global Winds • ALL • Produced by convection cells • Named by direction of Movement • Polar Easterlies • Westerlies • Trade winds
Polar Easterlies • 60 ° latitude ( Both Hemi) • Cold air sinking • Carry Arctic air and makes the US cold
Westerlies • 30 ° and 60 ° latitude (both hemi) • Flows toward poles form West to East • Carries Moist Air
Trade Winds • Blow from 30 ° latitude to equator ( both Hemi) • Coriolis Effect causes them to curve • West in NH and East in SH • Named from carrying trade ships
The Doldrums • Where trade winds meet • A low pressure area • Very little wind • Name means ( dull or Sluggish )
The Horse Latitude • 30 ° N and 30 °S • Sinking Air High Pressure = Very dry Area • Winds are weak
Today • On a blank sheet of paper • View figure 4 on page 461 • Draw • all global winds • Convection cells • Latitude lines (add degrees) • Color all arrows
Log: March 10th • Turn in homework • coriolis effect Click Here • Review Atmosphere
Jet Stream • Narrow belts of high speed winds • Located in Upper troposphere Lower Stratosphere • Can be Helpful • Pilots • Meteorologist
Local Winds • Move short distances • Come from any direction • Geographic features cause them by creating temperature differences • Examples • Mountain Breezes • Valley Breeze
