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Spheres of Earth

Spheres of Earth. In the past, scientists have studied the various parts of the Earth. They have looked at botany (how plants work), zoology (animals), geology (rocks), and physics (forces), but few have studied how all of these work together.

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Spheres of Earth

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  1. Spheres of Earth

  2. In the past, scientists have studied the various parts of the Earth. They have looked at botany (how plants work), zoology (animals), geology (rocks), and physics (forces), but few have studied how all of these work together.

  3. Now we are discovering that the Earth is much more than a bunch of parts. It is a whole. The Earth is a whole system that works together. This means that there is an interconnection between all of Earth’s living and non-living parts.

  4. Scientists divide the Earth’s System into four sub-systems: biosphere (life), lithosphere (rocks and stuff), hydrosphere (water), and atmosphere (air).

  5. Lithosphere System The Lithosphere system includes both the rockysurfaces on the crust and the whole inside of Earth, as well.

  6. Earth’s Crust Earth’s crust consists of a very thinlayer of solid, brittle rock. The crust is 30 km thick with a density of about 2.2 g/cm3. Earth’s crust is separated into two parts: continental crust and oceanic crust.

  7. Continental Crust The continental crust is lessdense than the oceanic crust and much thicker, so it sits higher on top of the mantle.

  8. Oceanic Crust The oceanic crust is more dense than the continental crust and much thinner, so it sits lower on top of the mantle. Since water always flows to areas of the lowestelevation, the oceanic crust is covered with water.

  9. The Upper Mantle The uppermantlebegins as solid rock, but between 100 and 200 km below Earth’ surface, the temperature of the rock is near melting point creating moltenrock. Molten rock erupted by some volcanoes originates in this region. Density is between 3.4 g/cm3 and 4.4 g/cm3. Upper mantle is about 720 km thick.

  10. The Lower Mantle The lowermantle is made up of solid iron and magnesium silicate minerals with a density between 4.4 g/cm3 and 5.6 g/cm3. Lower mantle is about 2,171 km thick.

  11. The Outer Core The outercore is believed to consist of a liquid iron and nickel mixture with a density between 9.9 g/cm3 and 12.2 cm3. Outer core is 2,255 km thick.

  12. The Inner Core The innercore is also believed to consist of an iron and nickel mixture but it is believed to be in solid form with a density between 12.8 g/cm3 and 13.1 cm3. Inner core is 1,221 km thick.

  13. The Lithosphere In geological terms, the lithosphere consists of all of Earth’s crust and the very top solid portion of Earth’s uppermantle. Solid Upper Mantle

  14. The Asthenosphere The asthenosphere consists of the melted, moltenrock portion of the uppermantle.

  15. Lithosphere - Asthenosphere While the asthenosphere is not part of the lithosphere, it does interact with the lithosphere to produce a lot of the geological features found in the lithosphere. Oceans Mountains Volcanoes Earthquakes

  16. The End

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