Energy in the Atmosphere

1. Energy in the Atmosphere

2. Electromagnetic Waves Nearly all energy in Earth’s atmosphere comes from the sun. This energy travels through space in the form of electromagnetic waves.

3. Radiation Radiation is the direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves. Example: your body heats up when hit by electromagnetic waves, this is called radiation.

4. 3- Types of electromagnetic rays: • Infrared Radiation • Ultraviolet radiation • Visible light • Intro to electro. • Electromagnetic Spectrum. • electromagnetic spectrum video nasa.

6. Infrared Radiation Clip Creates heat. It has the longest wavelength.

7. Ultraviolet Electromagnetic waves UV the Hidden Danger electromagnetic waves UV causes sunburns and eye damage (UV) and has the shortest wavelength. This is the most dangerous type of radiation. Too much can cause skin cancer Sunscreen helps protect us from this type of radiation. Used to kill bacteria (sterilization of equipment)

8. Visible Light electromagnetic waves that create color. ROY G BIV R= longest wavelength V= shortest wavelength Apples are red because they absorb every color but red. They reflect red so you see red. White reflects all color. It absorbs nothing. Black reflects no color. It absorbs it all. apple light reflection video Tour Visible Light Visible Rays/Review

9. We see things because they reflect light into our eyes! This is literally the only way we get to see things! ALL objects we see either create light or reflect light!! Homework

10. Color • White light is not a single color; it is made up of a mixture of the seven colors of the rainbow. We can demonstrate this by splitting white light with a prism: This is how rainbows are formed: sunlight is “split up” by raindrops.

11. The colors of the rainbow: • Red • Orange • Yellow • Green • Blue • Indigo • Violet Just remember ROY G. BIV

12. Homework Seeing color The color an object appears depends on the colors of light it reflects. For example, a red book only reflects red light: White light Only red light is reflected

13. A pair of purple trousers would reflect purple light (and red and blue, as purple is made up of red and blue): Purple light A white hat would reflect all seven colors: White light

15. Scattering As these electromagnetic waves travel through the atmosphere to earth, some of them are reflected and some are absorbed by particles in the atmosphere. Reflection of light in all directions is called scattering. This causes the sky to be blue. The particles in the air scatter the blue and violet wavelengths. So we see blue.

16. Greenhouse Effect The greenhouse effect is caused by the reflection of light back and forth between Earth and the blanket of gases surrounding the Earth. This is what keeps Earth at a comfortable temperature for all the living organisms on Earth. Without it we would freeze to death.

18. Sun Solar Energy Solar Energy Earth’s Temperature The temperature of the earth is directly related to the energy input from the Sun. Some of the Sun’s energy is reflected by clouds. Other is reflected by ice. The remainder is absorbed by the earth.

19. Sun Solar Energy Radiative Cooling Earth’s Temperature If amount of solar energy absorbed by the earth is equal to the amount radiated back into space, the earth remains at a constant temperature.

20. Sun Solar Energy Radiative Cooling Earth’s Temperature However, if the amount of solar energy is greater than the amount radiated, then the earth heats up.

21. Sun Solar Energy Radiative Cooling Earth’s Temperature If the amount of solar energy is less than the amount radiated, then the earth cools down.

22. What is global warming?

23. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) How Global Warming Works

24. Sun Greenhouse Effect

25. To a certain degree, the earth acts like a greenhouse. Energy from the Sun penetrates the glass of a greenhouse and warms the air and objects within the greenhouse. The same glass slows the heat from escaping, resulting in much higher temperatures within the greenhouse than outside it.

26. Example of the Greenhouse Effect The Sun’s energy passes through the car’s windshield. This energy (heat) is trapped inside the car and cannot pass back through the windshield, causing the inside of the car to warm up.

27. Nitrogen (N2) Oxygen (O2) Water (H2O) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Methane (CH4) Earth’s Atmospheric Gases Non-Greenhouse Gases 99% Greenhouse Gases 1%

28. Sun Venus Runaway Greenhouse Effect • 97% carbon dioxide • 3% nitrogen • Water & sulfuric acid clouds • Temperature:860°F

29. What’s the difference between “global warming” and “climate change”?

30. Effects of Global Warming Rising Sea Level Increased Temperature Habitat Damage and Species Affected Changes in Water Supply

31. What’s the proof that global warming is taking place?

32. 2004 1914 Portage Glacier • Alaska

33. Colorado River • Arizona 2002 2003

34. Wildlife Effects • Polar Bears • Require pack ice to live • Might eventually go extinct in the wild • Sea turtles • Breed on the same islands astheir birth • Could go extinct on some islandsas beaches are flooded

35. Effect on Humans • Fewer deaths from cold, more from heat • Decreased thermohaline circulation • Cooler temperatures in North Atlantic • Precipitation changes • Droughts and famine (some areas) • Expanded arable land in Canada, Soviet Union

36. Drought in Africa Lake Faguibine Lake Chad

37. Why is global warming happening?

38. Burning of Fossil Fuels Pollution from coal, natural gas, and oil Pollution from coal, natural gas, and oil Pollution from coal, natural gas, and oil

39. When did global warming start?

40. Global Atmospheric Concentration of CO2

41. How is global warming measured?

42. Ice Core Data CO2 Measurements Before 1958 - Antarctica

43. CO2 Atmospheric Measurements CO2 Measurements Since 1958 – Mauna Loa, Hawaii

44. CO2 Concentrations Temperature (Northern Hemisphere) 1000 Years of CO2 and Global Warming Degree Celsius Increase Parts Per Million 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 Year Year

45. Carbon Dioxide Levels Muana Loa Readings CO2 Levels Since 1958 370 350 CO2 (ppm) 330 310 40 30 20 10 0 420 370 320 CO2 (ppm) 270 220 Dome Concordia Vostok Ice Core 170 600000 400000 200000 0 Time (YBP)

46. Worldwide Carbon Emissions Total Liquid fuel Solid fuel Gas fuel 8 7 6 5 Carbon (109 metric tons) 4 3 2 1 0 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 Year

47. Annual Carbon Emissions Annual carbon emissions Atmospheric CO2 Atmospheric CO2 average 8 6 Carbon (109 metric tons) 4 2 0 1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 Year

48. Recorded Worldwide Temperatures Decreasing Flat 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 D Mean Temperature (°C) 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 Year

49. Historic Los Angeles Temperatures Annual Temperatures Summer Temperatures Winter Temperatures 25 17 22 21 24 16 20 23 15 19 22 14 Temperature (°C) 18 21 13 17 20 12 16 19 11 15 18 10 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 Year Year Year

50. 2007 Temperature Changes Compared to 1951-1980 -3 -2.5 -1.5 -1 -.5 -.1 .1 .5 1 1.5 2.5 3.4