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France Under Maximilien Robespierre – 1791 to 1794

France Under Maximilien Robespierre – 1791 to 1794. 7.3 PETS – MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRE, JACQUES DANTON, JACOBINS/GIRONDISTS m ore coming tomorrow…. National Convention. France declares itself a republic on 9/21/92 Abolishes monarchy Goals? L.A. renamed National Convention

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France Under Maximilien Robespierre – 1791 to 1794

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  1. France Under Maximilien Robespierre – 1791 to 1794 7.3 PETS – MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRE, JACQUES DANTON, JACOBINS/GIRONDISTS more coming tomorrow…

  2. National Convention • France declares itself a republic on 9/21/92 • Abolishes monarchy • Goals? • L.A. renamed National Convention • Jacobin factions • The Mountain • Danton and Robespierre • The Girondists

  3. Sans-culottes • Well-off urban workers who were extremely radical • Fear National Convention is not radical enough in furthering goals of Revolution • Work with The Mountain • Favored direct democracy

  4. War victories with meaning • France defeats Prussia and Austria in major battles in late 1792 • Significance? • Declare war on most major powers in Europe – the First Coalition • Threat of war to restore monarchy always there unless…

  5. Death of the king • To solidify position as the French republic, the National Convention executed the King in January 1793 • Convicted and executed as a traitor to the Republic

  6. This is the day called Thursday. • Some More 7.3 Notes • Maybe Some Video Clips • Review Game • QUIZ TOMORROW • 7.1 TO 7.3 • Random Fact of the Day • Little children who change their teachers’ random facts of the day often receive coal in their stockings at Christmas.

  7. National Convention Goes Radical • May 1793 – Mountain + sans-culottes oust moderate Girondists from Convention • Robespierre has 31 Girondists leaders arrested • Many Girondists now will work against the Revolution

  8. Charlotte Cordet Vs. Jean-Paul Marat

  9. Committee of Public Safety SUCKING AT • Established as emergency gov’t in summer of 1793 to deal with internal + external challenges to Revolution • Constitution suspended • Led by Robespierre and Louis Saint-Just • Rousseau’s “general will” • Established Law of Maximum to direct economy in wartime • Contradiction to Enlightenment ideas on free market • Early version of socialism • Set price controls, nationalized workshops, and established rationing

  10. Military victory (External Enemies) • France’s military grew to 1 million men strong • Levee en masse – national conscription • Austrian Netherlands and Rhineland controlled by France by 1794 • France’s government’s legitimacy increases • Must work to secure its place, eliminate enemies

  11. Reign of terror (Internal Enemies) • Summer 1793-Summer 1794 • 40,000 people throughout France were killed…seen as threats to Robespierre’s power • Former allies of Robespierre also sent to death

  12. Well What Do You Know Today Is Friday. • Finish 7.3 Notes • A Video Review • Quiz • Homework This Weekend • Random Fact of the Day • Santa Claus is based on a real person, St. Nikolas of Myra, who lived during the fourth century. He is the patron saint of banking, pawnbroking, pirating, butchery, sailing, thievery, orphans, royalty, and New York City.

  13. Republic of virtue • Robespierre sought to create a deist France and eliminate all traces of Old Regime • Cultural Changes • Changed the calendar • No Sundays • Closed all churches in Paris • Cult of the Supreme Being • Deistic national religion founded by Robespierre • Notre Dame Cathedral converted to Temple of Reason • Triggered widespread opposition to Robespierre

  14. Thermadorian reaction • 7/27/94 – Robespierre denounced in the Convention and arrested • Executed the next day on the guillotine • Reign of Terror ended • Respectable 3rd Estate bourgeoisie reassert their authority in the new government called The Directory

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