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“Mexico, mother of foreigners and stepmother of Mexicans.”

Unit IV: The Mexican Revolution The role of foreign powers (especially the United States) in the outbreak and development of the Mexican Revolution; motivations, methods of intervention and contributions. “Mexico, mother of foreigners and stepmother of Mexicans.”.

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“Mexico, mother of foreigners and stepmother of Mexicans.”

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  1. Unit IV: The Mexican RevolutionThe role of foreign powers (especially the United States) in the outbreak and development of the Mexican Revolution; motivations, methods of intervention and contributions “Mexico, mother of foreigners and stepmother of Mexicans.” Popular Mexican saying towards the end of Diaz’s regime

  2. US watching over the Mexican revolution Chicago Tribune 1913

  3. Unit IV: The Mexican RevolutionThe role of foreign powers (especially the United States) in the outbreak and development of the Mexican Revolution; motivations, methods of intervention and contributions During the first 10 years of the revolution Mexico had 10 Presidents It took the U.S. 55 years before we had 10 Presidents

  4. Progress being 'unattainable' for Mexico San Francisco Examiner 1913

  5. Political cartoon from the Chicago Tribune from 1914, expressing how the US was presented as liberating former Spanish colonies.

  6. Unit IV: The Mexican RevolutionThe role of foreign powers (especially the United States) in the outbreak and development of the Mexican Revolution; motivations, methods of intervention and contributions - 1 Porfirio Diaz Were his policies good or bad for the United States and other foreign powers? * Diaz had American support * Encouraged foreign investment * Provided stability to protect investments What did the U.S. get in return? At the turn of the 20th Century: * United States companies held 27 percent of Mexican land • * Of the over 1000 mining companies – 85% U.S. owned • * The oil industry boomed • -1911 Mexico world’s 3rd largest oil producer * By 1910 – U.S. controlled 45% of Mexican Industry

  7. Unit IV: The Mexican RevolutionThe role of foreign powers (especially the United States) in the outbreak and development of the Mexican Revolution; motivations, methods of intervention and contributions - 2 Why did U.S. support for Diaz change towards the end? * Initially Taft did not want to intervene * Growing unrest – Remember Dollar Diplomacy * Favoring European companies at times over U.S. corporations - Railroads as an example Why support Madero? * Could stabilize country * U.S. allows Madero to operate within our borders - Propagandizes and purchases arms Porfirio Diaz

  8. Unit IV: The Mexican RevolutionThe role of foreign powers (especially the United States) in the outbreak and development of the Mexican Revolution; motivations, methods of intervention and contributions - 3 The short reign of Francisco Madero 1911-1913 * Madero did not provide reform and stability - Loses support of Zapata as a result • * Ambassador Henry Lane Wilson • - appointed by Taft December, 1909 • - Feared the leftist tendencies of Madero - Presumed to help in the overthrow by Huerta * Madero assassinated By Huerta * Woodrow Wilson replaces Ambassador Wilson - priority to destabilize Huerta regime - Remember Moral Diplomacy Francisco I. Madero

  9. Unit IV: The Mexican RevolutionThe role of foreign powers (especially the United States) in the outbreak and development of the Mexican Revolution; motivations, methods of intervention and contributions -4 US Intervention * Wilson refuses to recognize Huerta regime • - Illegal government • - Huerta won’t be able to stabilize Mexico, protect US interests * Huerta suspends payments of foreign debt * Wilson provides arms to Carranza * German supplying arms to Huerta - Wilson ordered troops to the port of Veracruz to stop the ship from docking - U.S. ships already in the area * The Tampico Affair April 9th, 1914 Victoriano Huerta *April 14th Wilson orders Atlantic Fleet to Veracruz

  10. Unit IV: The Mexican RevolutionThe role of foreign powers (especially the United States) in the outbreak and development of the Mexican Revolution; motivations, methods of intervention and contributions - 5 US Intervention * April 21, 1914 US attacks - anti US sentiment grows - Carranza denounced US action * Argentina, Brazil and Chile mediate (ABC Powers) conference at Niagara - Carranza refuses to recognize mediation * Obregon, Villa, Zapata, Carranza continue fight against Huerta - Wilson continues to supply arms * Huerta leaves for Europe July 15. Obregon takes Mexico City Aug. 15th. Victoriano Huerta * Carranza becomes president shortly after * US leaves Veracruz Nov. 1914

  11. Unit IV: The Mexican RevolutionThe role of foreign powers (especially the United States) in the outbreak and development of the Mexican Revolution; motivations, methods of intervention and contributions - 6 Fighting amongst Revolutionaries * Conflicts between Villa and Carranza * Zapata refused to recognize Carranza as leader * October 1914 Convention of Aguascalientes * Villa and Zapata occupy capital * Carranza adopts reforms *Jan 1915, Obregon’s troops hold Mexico City * 1915, Wilson acknowledges Carranza * 1920, Does not run for re-election

  12. Unit IV: The Mexican RevolutionThe role of foreign powers (especially the United States) in the outbreak and development of the Mexican Revolution; motivations, methods of intervention and contributions - 7 Obregon 1920-24 * Favors article 27 of the constitution - U.S. Pres. Warren G. Harding refused to recognize Obregon as legitimate president • * Favors article 3 of the constitution * U.S. finally recognizes Obregon in 1923 after the Bucareli Agreement - Article 27 not retroactive - Compensation for losses during the Revolution * Obregon essentially forced into agreement

  13. Calles 1924-1928 Unit IV: The Mexican RevolutionThe role of foreign powers (especially the United States) in the outbreak and development of the Mexican Revolution; motivations, methods of intervention and contributions - 8 * Rejects Bucareli agreement * 1925 new law drafted regarding article 27 * 1926 U.S. appeared to be moving towards war * Oil Companies decrease oil production * Late 1927 U.S. negotiate an agreement Cardenas 1934 - 1940 * Favored Mexican Industry * 1937 – Labor disputes Plutarco Elias Calles * March 1938 expropriates oil properties * U.S. and British enact Economic sanctions Lazaro Cardenas

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