1 / 30

Socio-linguistics aspects of language change

Socio-linguistics aspects of language change. Historical Linguistics. The language system. The language system. Swahili (Niger-Congo) u-ta-ni-penda You will like me a-ta-ni-penda He will like me a-ta-ku-penda He will like you a-ta-m-penda He will like him

catalina
Télécharger la présentation

Socio-linguistics aspects of language change

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Socio-linguistics aspectsof language change Historical Linguistics

  2. The language system

  3. The language system Swahili (Niger-Congo) u-ta-ni-penda You will like me a-ta-ni-penda He will like me a-ta-ku-penda He will like you a-ta-m-penda He will like him a-ta-ku-penda I will like you a-ta-m-penda I will like him u-ta-m-penda You will like him SUBJ – FUT – OBJ – VERB

  4. The language system

  5. The language system

  6. English vowel chart

  7. English consonants

  8. Saussurean paradox If language/grammar consists of interlocking systems, how can language/grammar change?

  9. The Great English Vowel Shift • i u • @I @U • e aI aU o • E O • { • a

  10. Labov’s hypothesis Language variation is the vehicle of language (i.e. system) change.

  11. Language variation • Social variation • Contextual variation • Regional variation • Ethnic variation

  12. Language variation Aren’t you going home? [ar@nt yU gOIÎ hOm] careful [arntS@ gOIn hOm] casual Structuralist linguistics: Linguists describe the ‘linguistic norm’ and ignore variation (‘free variation’).

  13. Labov – Martha’s Vineyard Light [aI] vs [@I] House [aU] vs [@U]

  14. Labov – Martha’s Vineyard

  15. Labov – Martha’s Vineyard Generational change or age-grading? 1933 [@I]0.86% [@U] 0.06%

  16. Labov – Martha’s Vineyard

  17. Labov – Martha’s Vineyard

  18. Labov – Martha’s Vineyard • Linguistic variables often display social stratification. • The quantitative approach to variation can reveal systematic differences. • A change in progress is reflected in linguistic variation. • Linguistic variation is the vehicle of language change.

  19. Labov – Rhoticity in NYC Car Dark More Shirt

  20. Labov – Rhoticity in NYC

  21. Labov – Rhoticity in NYC

  22. Labov – Rhoticity in NYC

  23. Labov – Rhoticity in NYC Hypercorrection (Labov): The socially lower class (notably the ‚lower middle class‘) surpasses the socially highest class in formal situations.

  24. Trudgill – ‚ing‘ in [gOIÎ] going [gOIn] goin’

  25. Trudgill – ‚ing‘ in Norwich

  26. Trudgill – ‚ing‘ in Norwich Women thought they were using the standard form more often than they did, and men thought they were using the non-standard form more often than they did. Overt prestige vs. Covert prestige

  27. Aitchison – Teenage age talk in Reading (1) I knows how to handle teddy boys. (2) You knows my sister, the one who’s small. (3) They calls me all the name under the sun.

  28. Aitchison – Teenage age talk in Reading Noddy 81% Kevin 14%

  29. Conclusion Variation is the vehicle of language change. Variation explains how a new form may spread through the speech community (progapagtion or implementation) but it does not explain how new forms emerge (actuation).

  30. Actuation Factors triggering language change: • Communicative need for new forms • Expressivity • Ease of pronunciation • Strive for symmetry • Analogy • Habituation and routinization

More Related