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OCEAN LITERACY

OCEAN LITERACY. OCEAN LITERACY Project Handbook For Key Stages 1-3. REVISION HISTORY. CONTENTS. Contents Page Acknowledgements 3 Introduction 4 Project Overview - Overview of the 7 Principles of Ocean Literacy 5 Key Stages One to Three Structure & Resources 6

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OCEAN LITERACY

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  1. OCEAN LITERACY OCEAN LITERACY Project Handbook For Key Stages 1-3

  2. REVISION HISTORY

  3. CONTENTS • Contents Page • Acknowledgements 3 • Introduction 4 • Project Overview • - Overview of the 7 Principles of Ocean Literacy 5 • Key Stages One to Three Structure & Resources 6 • Key Stage One - Content Overview 9 • National Curriculum Topic Links 10 • Resources & Activities 11 • Key Stage Two - Content Overview 19 • National Curriculum Topic Links 20 • Resources & Activities 21 • Key Stage Three - Content Overview 29 • National Curriculum Topic Links 30 • Resources & Activities 31 • Resources - Print & Web Resources 39

  4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Central Caribbean Marine Institute (CCMI) is deeply grateful to a number of businesses & individuals whose support has made the Ocean Literacy Project Handbook possible. CCMI is especially grateful to KPMG, CUC, and the Rotary Club Grand Cayman, for providing the funding for the completion of this phase of the Ocean Literacy Programme. We would like to thank Mr. Clive Baker, Mr. Mark Ray & Ms. Kiva Powell from the Cayman Islands Department of Education for their continuing support and efforts on behalf of the Ocean Literacy Programme. The Project Handbook has been developed with the support of all the Cayman Islands primary schools. In particular we would like to thank the school principals and IB coordinators for their time and valuable input. CCMI would especially like to recognise Ms. Joni Kirkconnell from the Cayman Islands Department of Environment (DOE). Joni has given this project many hours of her valuable time and support, as well as giving CCMI access to important local literature developed by the DOE, such as the Coral Gardens Teacher’s Guide. Given the importance of local support of Ocean Literacy, we have included herein the publications from WIDECAST (Endangered Caribbean Sea Turtles: An Educator’s Handbook) and WIWD-WG (Wondrous West Indian Wetlands: A Teacher’s Resource Book). CCMI would also like to thank Ms. Sue Harris and Mr. Christopher Calverley from Cayman Prep & High School, for taking the time to review the academic content of the Project Handbook during its developmental stages. Finally, we wish to express our deepest gratitude to Valentino Lee, for the many hours he has devoted to CCMI and the Ocean Literacy Programme since its inception 3 years ago. Tino wrote the ‘Our Ocean Planet: A Teacher’s Manual for Ocean Science,’ which is the basis for the Project Handbook. His invaluable input has been crucial in helping to blend the scientific and educational elements of the Project Handbook, thereby ensuring its credibility.

  5. INTRODUCTION TO THE OCEAN LITERACY PROJECT HANDBOOK The Ocean Literacy Project Handbook has been developed as part of the Central Caribbean Marine Institute’s (CCMI) Ocean Literacy Programme. The Ocean Literacy Project Handbook is aimed at primary school children, encouraging educators to ensure that all students in the Cayman Islands are ocean literate by the age of 12. The ocean is an integral part of the Earth; our planet’s atmosphere, climate, weather, temperature and productivity are all controlled by the long memory of the ocean. The ocean sustains life on Earth. Ocean literacy is a topic which is greatly underrepresented in many school curricula. This lack of subject coverage is exacerbated by the vastness of the topic, which could be studied in detail for many years! To help tackle this vast subject, teachers and educators along with the National Oceanographic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the National Geographic Society (NGS) have helped define the “7 Principles of Ocean Literacy”, upon which this project is based. Within the Ocean Literacy Project Handbook, we aim to give teachers a scientific framework, help, and support with lesson plans, presentations, visual & audio resources, and classroom activities. The scientific structure of the project can be used in many different ways and tailored to individual class needs. The project structure is the key to ocean literacy – helping to form clear learning objectives for teachers and creating a ‘bigger picture’ for students. Being ocean literate gives young students the ability to understand the ocean’s influence on them and their influence on the ocean. The Ocean Literacy Project Handbook aims to help support teachers and to focus young minds on the importance of ocean and aquatic sciences.

  6. PROJECT OVERVIEW – THE 7 PRINCIPLES OF OCEAN LITERACY • The 7 Principles of Ocean Literacy have been developed to help provide an academic framework for educators. The Ocean Literacy Project Handbook takes the 7 Principles and applies relevant topics, lesson plans and activities, whilst taking into consideration curriculum requirements and the ages/abilities of primary school students. It helps to provide a structural framework, which is designed to be flexible and give a ‘bigger picture,’ which can then be used and developed within different schools. The structure is not meant to be rigid or restrictive; it is intended to be a helping hand and to present Ocean Literacy as one coherent subject. • The 7 Principles are as follows: • 1. The Earth has one big ocean with many features. • 2. The ocean & life in the ocean shape the features of the Earth. • 3. The ocean is a major influence on weather & climate. • 4. The ocean makes Earth habitable. • 5. The ocean supports a great diversity of life & ecosystems. • 6. The ocean & humans are inextricably interconnected. • 7. The ocean is largely unexplored.

  7. PROJECT OVERVIEW – KEY STAGES ONE TO THREE • Structure • The Project Handbook is aimed at Key Stages 1-3 within the Cayman Islands School system. The structure has been designed to be flexible, yet with enough substance that it can be implemented as a project throughout Key Stages 1-3, or individually within a Key Stage. An overall summary can be found on page 7. • Resources • The Project Handbook uses many different resources to help support teachers. Local teaching resources feature heavily within the lesson plan/activity recommendations, as there is a wealth of information already available within the schools. All background information on the topics recommended here can be found in ‘Our Ocean Planet’ (OOP), the teachers’ manual previously developed by CCMI. The Project Handbook also suggests additional resources for each Principle, to support the development of lesson plans and activities. • The following resources should be available for all Cayman Island schools: • Our Ocean Planet: A Teacher’s Manual for Ocean Science (provided by CCMI) • Coral Gardens: A Teacher’s Guide (provided by the DOE) • Endangered Caribbean Sea Turtles: An Educator’s Handbook (provided by WIDECAST) • Wondrous West Indian Wetlands: A Teacher’s Resource Book (provided by WIWD Working Group of the Society for the Conservation and Study of Caribbean Birds) • The Central Caribbean Marine Institute website: www.reefresearch.org

  8. OCEAN LITERACY PROJECT – STRUCTURE FOR KEY STAGES ONE TO THREE

  9. OCEAN LITERACY PROJECT HANDBOOK KEY STAGE ONE (KS1)

  10. OCEAN LITERACY PROJECT HANDBOOK KS1 CONTENT OVERVIEW

  11. KEY STAGE ONE National Curriculum Topic Links:

  12. PRINCIPLE 1 – THE EARTH HAS ONE BIG OCEAN WITH MANY FEATURES • KS1 Topics: Oceans, Seas & Water/Teacher Provocations: • How much of the Earth is ocean? • What are the names of the 5 main oceans, where are they, and how big are they? • What is the difference between a sea and an ocean? • What are water state transitions – solid, liquid, gas? • KS1 Topics: Oceans, Seas & Water/Resources:

  13. PRINCIPLE 2 – THE OCEAN & LIFE IN THE OCEAN SHAPE THE FEATURES OF THE EARTH KS1 Topics: Coastlines and their features/Teacher Provocations: • What are the different types of coastal features (rocky coast lines, sandy coast lines, muddy)? • Which animals live (and breed) in the different coastal habitats? • Which types of coastline do we have in the Cayman Islands? KS1 Topics: Coastlines and their features/Resources:

  14. PRINCIPLE 3 – THE OCEAN IS A MAJOR INFLUENCE ON WEATHER & CLIMATE KS1 Topics: The weather, wind, waves & tides/Teacher Provocations: • How do the sun & moon affect the ocean? • How is wind generated? • What are waves and what can affect them? • What are tides? KS1 Topics: The weather, wind, waves & tides/Resources:

  15. PRINCIPLE 4 – THE OCEAN MAKES EARTH HABITABLE • KS1 Topics: Tropical, temperate, and polar seas and their marine life/Teacher Provocations: • What are tropical, temperate & polar seas? • Identify marine life & their habitats within these seas. • KS1 Topics: Tropical, temperate, and polar seas and their marine life /Resources:

  16. PRINCIPLE 5 – THE OCEAN SUPPORTS A GREAT DIVERSITY OF LIFE & ECOSYSTEMS • KS1 Topics: Ocean habitats & food chain, predator/prey relationships/Teacher Provocations: • What is a habitat? • What are some of the different marine habitats? • Identify the marine food pyramid and the predator/prey relationship. • KS1 Topics: Ocean habitats & food chain, predator/prey relationships/Resources:

  17. PRINCIPLE 6 – THE OCEAN & HUMANS ARE INEXTRICABLY CONNECTED • KS1 topics: Why we need the ocean & conservation/Teacher Provocations: • What do we rely on the sea for (fresh water, oxygen, tourism, transport)? • How do we affect the water & marine life (pollution/over development/over fishing)? • How can we take care of the environment? • KS1 topics: Why we need the ocean & conservation/Resources:

  18. PRINCIPLE 7 – THE OCEAN IS LARGELY EXPLORED • KS1 topics: The Deep/Teacher Provocations: • What is ‘the deep’? • Why is the deep largely unexplored? • Which animals live in the deep? • KS1 topics: The Deep/Resources:

  19. OCEAN LITERACY PROJECT HANDBOOK KEY STAGE TWO (KS2)

  20. OCEAN LITERACY PROJECT HANDBOOK KS2 CONTENT OVERVIEW

  21. KEY STAGE TWO National Curriculum Topic Links:

  22. PRINCIPLE 1 – THE EARTH HAS ONE BIG OCEAN WITH MANY FEATURES KS2 Topics: Oceans, seas & water/Teacher Provocations: • What is water? • What is sea water? • Where is all the water? • What is the water cycle? • Where does the water originate from? • Why should fresh water be conserved? • How can we save water? KS2 Topics: Oceans, seas &water/Resources:

  23. PRINCIPLE 2 – THE OCEAN & LIFE IN THE OCEAN SHAPE THE FEATURES OF THE EARTH • KS2 Topics: Coastlines, coral reefs, mangroves/wetlands & sea grasses/Teacher Provocations: • What are mangroves, sea grasses, and coral reefs? • How do they rely on one another? • What is erosion? • KS2 Topics: Coastlines, coral reefs, mangroves/wetlands & sea grasses/Resources:

  24. PRINCIPLE 3 – THE OCEAN IS A MAJOR INFLUENCE ON WEATHER & CLIMATE KS2 Topics: Weather & climate, Coriolis Effect, currents & climate change/Teacher Provocations: • What are currents? • What is climate change? • How can extreme weather affect humans & coastlines? KS2 Topics: Weather & climate, Coriolis Effect, currents & climate change/Teacher Provocations:

  25. PRINCIPLE 4 – THE OCEAN MAKES EARTH HABITABLE KS2 Topics: Tropical, temperate, and polar seas and their marine life/Teacher Provocations: • What are the different types of seas (tropical/temperate/ polar)? • Identify marine life and study different animals in the different seas (including Cayman Islands). KS2 Topics: Tropical, temperate, and polar seas and their marine life/Resources:

  26. PRINCIPLE 5 – THE OCEAN SUPPORTS A GREAT DIVERSITY OF LIFE & ECOSYSTEMS KS2 Topics: Ecosystems, classification & ocean living spaces/Teacher Provocations: • What is an ecosystem? • How do you classify organisms? • Identify the different living spaces in the ocean. KS2 Topics: Ecosystems, classification & ocean living spaces/teacher resources:

  27. PRINCIPLE 6 – THE OCEAN & HUMANS ARE INEXTRICABLY CONNECTED KS2 topics: Marine conservation & local marine park laws/Teacher Provocations: • What is marine conservation? • How do we protect the marine environment in the Cayman Islands? • Which animals do we protect in the Cayman Islands? KS2 topics: Marine conservation & local marine park laws/Resources:

  28. PRINCIPLE 7 – THE OCEAN IS LARGELY EXPLORED KS2 topics: The Deep, bioluminescence & the deep zones /Teacher Provocations: • What is bioluminescence? • Why is the discovery of new animals and plants from the deep important? • What are the zones of the deep? • What are the characteristics of the deep? KS2 topics: The Deep, bioluminescence & the deep zones /Teacher Provocations:

  29. OCEAN LITERACY PROJECT HANDBOOK KEY STAGE THREE (KS3)

  30. OCEAN LITERACY PROJECT HANDBOOK KS3 CONTENT OVERVIEW

  31. KEY STAGE THREE National Curriculum Topic Links:

  32. PRINCIPLE 1 – THE EARTH HAS ONE BIG OCEAN WITH MANY FEATURES KS3 Topics: Ocean zones & features of the sea floor/Teacher Provocations: • What are the ocean zones? • What are the features of the sea floor (trenches/ridges/shelves)? • What are tectonic plates and where are they? • How do plates affect the world and the ocean? • What is ‘sea level’, how does it affect us (natural causes)? • What are the short- term & long- term causes of sea level changes?

  33. PRINCIPLE 1 – THE EARTH HAS ONE BIG OCEAN WITH MANY FEATURES KS3 Topics: Ocean zones & features of the sea floor/Resources:

  34. PRINCIPLE 2 – THE OCEAN & LIFE IN THE OCEAN SHAPE THE FEATURES OF THE EARTH KS3 Topics: Cayman Islands & the Sea/Teacher Provocations: • How does the ocean shape the Cayman Islands? • How does life in the ocean shape the Cayman Islands? KS3 Topics: Cayman Islands & the Sea/Resources:

  35. PRINCIPLE 3 – THE OCEAN IS A MAJOR INFLUENCE ON WEATHER & CLIMATE KS3 Topics: Climate change, El Nino & causes of climate change/Teacher Provocations: • What is climate change? • What is El Nino? • How do increasing sea temperatures affect climate? • What is the carbon cycle? • How does climate change impact the carbon cycle? • Why does an increase in carbon affect coral reefs? KS3 Topics: Climate change, El Nino & causes of climate change/Resources:

  36. PRINCIPLE 4 – THE OCEAN MAKES EARTH HABITABLE KS3 Topics: Origin of Life & Open Ocean/Teacher Provocations: • Early life in the ocean • What is the ‘open ocean’? • What are ‘vertical migrations’? • Which animals migrate across oceans? KS3 Topics: Origin of Life/Resources:

  37. PRINCIPLE 5 – THE OCEAN SUPPORTS A GREAT DIVERSITY OF LIFE & ECOSYSTEMS KS3 Topics: Biodiversity, adaptation & relationships/Teacher Provocations: • What is biodiversity? • How do marine animals adapt to their environments? • What is symbiosis and why is this important to coral reefs? KS3 Topics: Biodiversity, adaptation & relationships/Resources:

  38. PRINCIPLE 6 – THE OCEAN & HUMANS ARE INEXTRICABLY CONNECTED KS3 topics: Marine conservation, habitat degradation & climate change/Teacher Provocations: • How do we affect marine life in different ecosystems in the Cayman Islands? • How are marine habitats threatened by degradation? • How does climate change threaten local habitats? KS3 topics: Marine conservation, habitat degradation & climate change/Resources:

  39. PRINCIPLE 7 – THE OCEAN IS LARGELY EXPLORED KS3 topics: Research into the deep & the deep polar zones /Teacher Provocations: • Why is it important to explore the deep? • Why is deep exploration so difficult? • What can/do we learn from the deep? KS3 topics: Research into the deep & the deep polar zones /Resources:

  40. RESOURCES Printed Resources Our Ocean Planet: A Teacher’s Manual Fof Ocean Science Coral Gardens: A Teacher’s Guide Coral Forest: A Teacher’s Guide Wondrous West Indian Wetlands: A Teacher’s Resource Book Endangered Caribbean Sea Turtles: An Educator’s Handbook Website Resources www.reefresearch.org (CCMI website) www2.scholastic.com www.doe.ky www.epa.gov/watersense www.nationalgeographic.com/Resources/ngo/education www.mbgnet.net www.seaworld.org www.sea.edu/academics www.seagrasswatch.org www.whistlingduck.org www.swbg-animals.org www.oceansforyouth.org www.howstuffworks.com www.montereybayaquarium.org www.rmets.org www.wwf.panda.org www.oceanoasis.org www.noaa.gov

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