PVC and Plasticizers

1. PVC and Plasticizers Figure 2: Appearance of DOTP and DOP, DIDP, DINP in PVC (Polyvinyl chloride)

2. PVC Plastic

3. PVC and Plasticizers

4. General Vulcanization (a) Unvulcanized natural rubber molecules have few if any cross-links. (b) Vulcanized rubber has a network structure with cross-links (c) Vulcanized rubber on stretching.

5. True Reel-to-reel Plasma Treatment Under Ambient Conditions.

6. Sulfur Cross-Linking – Goodyear Vulcanization Process

7. Cross-Linking or Curing

8. Properties Changed by Vulcanization

9. PVC Properties

10. Plasma Polymers

11. Crack-resistant & anticorrosive coatings based on vulcanized water dispersion of chlorine-sulphopolyethylene Biaxially oriented PET film can be metallized by vapor deposition of a thin film of evaporated aluminum, gold, or other metal onto it. The result is much less permeable to gasses (important in food packaging) and reflects up to 99% of light, including much of the infrared spectrum. For some applications like food packaging, the aluminized boPET film can be laminated with a layer of polyethylene, which provides sealability and improves puncture resistance. The polyethylene side of such a laminate appears dull and the PET side shiny. Other coatings, such as conductive indium tin oxide (ITO), can be applied to boPET film by sputter deposition. Metallized nylon (or "foil") balloons used for floral arrangements and parties are often mistakenly called "Mylar", one of the trade names for boPET film. Studies of Wettability of Medical PVC by Remote Nitrogen Plasma Changes morphology and composition incorporation of N and contact angle from 89 to 18 deg Atmospheric RF plasma effects on the film adhesion property Polymers in thin film form were used for modification by atmospheric RF plasma; influence of the plasma treatments using Ar and Ar+O2 on surface energy, morphology, chemistry structure of the films was investigated. The reactions of Ti with the polymer formed of TiCl2, TiC, Ti-oxide & contributed to film adhesion. In comparison with Ar, the mixed Ar+O2 RF plasma treatment was a more timesaving process and had more influences on surface activation and film adhesion. Oxygen plasma-vulcanized deformable PDMD sheet culture substrates A method of preparing deformable polydimethylsiloxane sheet culture substrates by oxygen plasma vulcanization was developed.

12. Adhesive Bonding: Energizing Low-Surface Energy Plastics Polypropylene is used in a wide range of assemblies, because of its toughness, flexibility, resistance to heat, moisture, chemicals However, properties that make polypropylene good for containing hot water and battery acid also make it difficult to bond with adhesives. Plastic has such low surface energy—just 30 dynes per square centimeter, depending on the formulation—that adhesives can’t adequately wet the surface to get a grip, whether chemical or mechanical. To bond polypropylene and other resistant plastics, engineers need to raise the material’s surface energy. One way to do that is by exposing the surface of the plastic to plasma, the so-called fourth state of matter. Plasma polymerization of sulfur to decrease the blooming effect and its effect on vulcanization with different accelerators. SURFACE MODIFICATIONS AND ADHESION OF VULCANIZED SBR RUBBER TREATED WITH RF PLASMAS OF DIFFERENT GASES The surface modifications produced by treatment of a synthetic vulcanized styrenebutadiene rubber (R1) with oxidizing (oxygen, air, carbon dioxide) and nonoxidizing (nitrogen, argon) RF plasmas have been assessed by ATR-IR and XPS spectroscopy, SEM, and contact angle measurements. The effectiveness of the treatment depended on the gas atmosphere used to generate the RF plasma. In general, acceptable adhesion values of treated R1 rubber were obtained for all plasmas, except for the nitrogen plasma treatment during 15 min, due to the creation of weak layers of low molecular weight moieties on the outermost R1 rubber layer. On the other hand, the air, carbon dioxide, and oxygen plasmas produced ablation of the R1 rubber surface, whereas mechanical degradation was not produced by treatment with the Ar plasma. Plasma Surface Treatment & Oxygen Plasma Treatment Surface tension is invisible to the naked eye, but it can seriously impact an object’s function. Low surface energy or contaminants can prevent the bonding of inks and adhesives, limiting the material’s range of use. That’s why industries in plastics, metal and other fields use plasma treatments for etching, cleaning and activating surfaces. Atmospheric plasma surface treatments are available in a variety of configurations: Oxygen plasma treatment; Flame plasma treatment; and Variable chemical plasma treatment

13. Polymer thin films Vorlesung/Lecture: Hans-Ulrich Krebs

14. Polymer thin films Vorlesung/Lecture: Hans-Ulrich Krebs: 1

15. Polymer thin films Vorlesung/Lecture: Hans-Ulrich Krebs: 2

16. Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Ti and TiO2