THE ATOMIC BOMBINGS and THE END OF WORLD WAR II

1. THE ATOMIC BOMBINGSand THE END OF WORLD WAR II AUGUST – SEPTEMBER, 1945

2. QUIZ, pp. 749-53 The scientist in charge of the Manhattan Project was named __?__ The first successful detonation of an atomic weapon was held in what U.S. state? Who was U.S. President when the first successful detonation took place? The two atomic bombs were nicknamed __?__ and __?__. The airplane that dropped the first atomic bomb was nicknamed __?__. What two Japanese cities were attacked with atomic bombs? Which one was attacked first? The 1945 Yalta Conference laid the foundation for an international peace-keeping organization called the __?__ Nazi war criminals were prosecuted in the __?__ trials. What nations occupied Germany after WWII?

3. The End of the War • Japan Loses Ground: Why? • U.S. submarine campaign • Massive U.S. bombing campaign • Heavy battlefield casualties • Desperate measures: • “Kamikaze” (Define) campaign • “No surrender” on battlefield • Homeland defense training • U.S. Closes in: How will the war End?

4. B-29 SUPERFORTRESS

5. B-29 SUPERFORTRESS, USAAF

6. U.S.A.A.F. B-29 SUPERFORTRESS

7. B-29 ON JAPAN BOMBING RUN

11. TYPES OF U.S. B-29 BOMBS

12. B-29s ON NIGHT BOMBING RUN TO JAPAN

13. U.S. BOMBS FALL ON NAGOYA, JAPAN, 1945

14. TOKYO, JAPAN DURING THE FIREBOMBING, MARCH, 1945

15. GENERAL CURTIS LeMAY, COMMANDING OFFICER, XXI BOMBER COMMAND, U.S. ARMY AIR FORCES

16. GENERAL CURTIS LeMAYON TIME MAGAZINE COVER, AUGUST, 1945

17. The Atomic Bomb • When? • 1942 -1945 • Where? • Oak Ridge, Tennessee • Los Alamos, New Mexico • Codename: The Manhattan Project • Who? • Gen. Leslie Groves • J. Robert Oppenheimer • The First Test: • July 16, 1945 • Trinity Site, Alamogordo, New Mexico • Success

18. THE MANHATTAN PROJECT

19. TRINITY TEST SITE TOWER

20. TRINITY TEST, JULY 16, 1945

21. DETONATION SEQUENCE

22. 10 SEC. AFTER DETONATION

23. DETONATION – FROM DISTANCE

25. To Bomb Or Not To Bomb • Why drop the bomb? • Prevent an invasion of Japan • Prevent the risk of massive casualties • End the war more quickly • Why Not? • Is it ethical? • Do we really need to? • Do we understand the long-term effects? • What do YOU think?

26. THE ATOMIC BOMBINGS • When? • August 6, 1945: Hiroshima • August 9, 1945: Nagasaki • Effect? Describe: • Result? Sept. 2, 1945 – Japan Surrenders • World War II Ends

27. TIBBETS & SWEENY

28. Major Charles Sweeny, U.S. Army A.F., Lead Pilot, Nagasaki Mission

29. NAGASAKI BOMBER B-29 SUPERFORTRESS “BOCKS CAR”

30. “LITTLE BOY” BOMB IN LOADING BAY, TINIAN ISLAND, AUGUST 1945

32. Colonel Paul Tibbets, Commanding Officer,Enola Gay, August 6th, 1945

33. HIROSHIMA DETOATION MUSHROOM CLOUD, AUGUST 6TH, 1945

34. AERIAL VIEW - NAGASAKI BEFORE BOMBING

35. AERIAL VIEW – NAGASAKI AFTER BOMBING

36. NAGASAKI BOMBING AUGUST 9th, 1945

37. “LITTLE BOY” ATOMIC BOMB

38. “FAT MAN” ATOMIC BOMB

39. TYPES OF ATOM BOMBS • Hiroshima “Gun” Bomb • Nagasaki “Implosion” Bomb

40. ATOMIC BOMB FIGURES • WW II ATOMIC BOMBS: • 1000 TONS OF TNT = 1 “KILOTON” • WW II BOMBS = 13,000 TONS = 13 KILOTONS • 1952 “HYDROGEN” BOMB: • 1 MIL. TONS OF TNT = 1 “MEGATON” • HYDROGEN BOMB = 3 MIL. TONS OF TNT = 3 MEGATONS • 1955: U.S. HAD 30,000+ MEGATONS OF NUCLEAR WEAPONRY • ALL EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE USED BY ALL NATIONS IN WWII ADDED TOGETHER = 1.2 MEGATONS

41. HIROSHIMA – AFTER BOMBING

42. HIROSHIMA “SHADOW”

43. SHADOW OF PERSON SITTING ON STEPS NEAR BANK ENTRANCE, HIROSHIMA, JAPAN

44. NAGASAKI AFTERMATH

47. JAPANESE URBAN TARGETS

48. NAGASAKIBLASTRADIUS

49. NAGASAKI BOMB CASUALTIES • DISTANCE FROM GROUND ZERO (KM): • 0-1.0 km: 88% Killed, 6% Injured, Pop.: 30,900 • 1.0-2.5 km: 34% Killed, 29% Injured, Pop.: 27,700 • 2.5-5.0 km: 11% Killed, 10% Injured, Pop.: 115,200 • TOTAL: 22% Killed, 12% Injured,Pop.: 173,800

50. ATOMIC BOMB CASUALTIES