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Third Bureau Meeting

Third Bureau Meeting. Costa Rica November 1-3, 2006. Key Issues for the Bureau. Review the Role of the Bureau Discuss reasons for lack of participation in peer-review process by Bureau members, especially governments Review the revised Conceptual Framework

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Third Bureau Meeting

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  1. Third Bureau Meeting Costa Rica November 1-3, 2006

  2. Key Issues for the Bureau • Review the Role of the Bureau • Discuss reasons for lack of participation in peer-review process by Bureau members, especially governments • Review the revised Conceptual Framework • Integrates the two frameworks already approved by Bureau • Discuss the global and sub-global assessment reports • Secretariat perspectives on status of assessment reports • Macro-comments – guidance from Bureau to be transmitted to the authors • Review and approve the outline of the Synthesis report • Review and approve the processes for preparing the Summaries for Decision-makers and the Synthesis report

  3. Key Issues for the Bureau • Should editors be used to smooth the language and make the reports more readable, if so: (i) the chapters; (ii) the SDMs; (iii) the Synthesis Report • If yes, when – after the second round-review? • If yes, the global and sub-global assessment reports • Issues of time and cost

  4. Key Issues for the Bureau (cont) • Review and approve the budget • Review and approve proposed budget • Review fund-raising status • Review and approve the timeline • Review and approve agenda for the final plenary • Discuss a communications and outreach strategy • Discuss how to substantially enhance participation in the peer-review process • Discuss publication of assessment reports

  5. Role the Bureau The multiple roles include: • Approving the scope and structure of the global and sub-global assessments • Approving the overall management structure • Approving the principles and procedures • Selecting authors • Selecting review editors • Overseeing outreach and communications: sub-committee • Overseeing budget and fund-raising: sub-committee • Communicating with related stakeholders and participating in the peer-review process

  6. Role the Bureau in Peer-reviewGlobal assessment Peer-review comments critical to provide the guidance needed for an improved drafts OECD governments on the Bureau commit to organize a peer-review of the global assessment involving: • government officials, or • experts within their country, or • a combination of government officials and experts The review could then be either an official set of government comments or a review conducted on behalf of the government Developing country governments on the Bureau commit to try and send review comments Private sector, NGOs, producer and consumer group members of the Bureau commit to organize a peer-review collectively within each stakeholder group, e.g., the NGOs collectively commit to review all chapters

  7. Role the Bureau in Peer-reviewSub-global assessments Governments on the Bureau commit to organize a peer-review of their regional assessments involving: • government officials, or • experts within their country, or • Regional organizations, or • a combination of government officials, experts and regional organizations The review could then be either an official set of government comments or a review conducted on behalf of the government Private sector, NGOs, producer and consumer group members of the Bureau commit to organize a peer-review collectively within each stakeholder group, e.g., the NGOs collectively commit to review all chapters

  8. Conceptual Framework

  9. Conceptual Framework Figure 1: Conceptual Framework for the Assessment

  10. Conceptual Framework - AKST

  11. Development & Sustainability Goals Decreased hunger & povertyImproved nutrition and human health Enhanced livelihoods and equity Environmental sustainability Sustainable economic development Agricultural Products & Services Food Systems // Agricultural Products& Services Crops, livestock, fish Forestry for food, fiber, biomass Ecosystem services Actors Knowledge AKST Drivers Research PolicyInnovation Policy Local & Institutional Generation of AKSTSocial OrganizationsAccess, control & distribution of:- Technology - Knowledge- Inputs (Agrochemicals and Services) - Markets- Credit, capital, assets Networks Institutions Innovation Learning Indirect Drivers Demographics Economics / International trade Socio-PolicyScience & technology Education, culture & ethicsBio-geophysical environment Direct Drivers Food demand, consumption Availability & management of naturalresources Land use Climate change EnergyLabor Processes

  12. Assessment ReportSecretariat Perspectiveon Status of Global Assessment Chapters

  13. General Comments • Overall Analysis: Much of the material is “a review or a history” – a major challengeis to transform it into an assessment with options for action • Some global chapter author teams have recently been strengthened – others, chapters 8 and 9 still need additional expertise • Material in some chapters is relevant and good but in the wrong chapter (e.g. historical review of capacity development which should be in Chapters 2/3 not Chapter 8) • Most chapters need a full discussion of the issues, i.e., ensure balance, and more references to justify their conclusions • Sections III and IV – Need to be forward looking -- assessing options for future action by governments, policy makers, researchers, capacity builders

  14. Assessment vs. ReviewReminder

  15. Dealing with (un)certaintyQualitative ScaleUsed in Key Messages and Summary for Decision Makers Level of agreement or consensus Low High Well Established Established but incomplete Speculative incomplete Competing Explanations Low High Amount of evidence (observations, theory, model outputs etc)

  16. Overall framework for IAASTDReminder Assessment of the impacts of AKST on the following development goals: • Reducing Hunger and Poverty; • Improving Rural Livelihoods; • Improving Nutrition and Human Health; and • Facilitating Environmentally, Socially and Economically Sustainable Development In relation to both – the past – and the future.

  17. STRUCTURE OF REPORT Reminder • Section I • Chapters 1-3: Context and Concepts (Historical and current assessment) • Section II • Chapters 4-6: Plausible Futures : Scenario building • Section III • Chapters 7-8: Options for making AKST work more effectively to achieve goals: Technologies and Capacity Building • Section IV • Chapters 9-10: Options for making AKST work more effectively to achieve goals: Policies and Investments

  18. CHAPTER 1 • Has to present: conceptual framework, definitions of key terms and indicators for global & sub-global reports • Should be an introductory, “scene setting” chapter – not summary of the whole report – it currently strays into an assessment of certain issues, which are covered in later chapters

  19. CHAPTER 2 • Key focus – Assessment of historical AKST systems – past 50 years to present • Good presentation of historical data – but needs to move to an assessment – needs to be more balanced and provide more evidence (via references) • Thematic narratives are a novel way of way of presenting AKST over the past 50 years for selected issues –however, needs to include an assessment dimension • Historical assessment of “Capacity” currently well documented in Chapter 8. Suggestion – this needs to be integrated into this chapter and/or Chapter 3

  20. CHAPTER 3 • Key focus: Assessment of impacts of AKST on development and sustainability goals • The matrix could be a springboard for Chapters 7 & 8 from which to begin their assessment • Could be re-structured to assess a suite of technologies in relation to development and sustainability goals • Needs to more of an assessment and a less of a review of issues and data. • Probably too much emphasis on agro-forestry.

  21. CHAPTERS 4, 5 and 6

  22. CHAPTER 7 • Key focus: Assessment of technology options for making AKST work more effectively to achieve goals • Current focus of 1st order draft is a description of historical and current technologies (already covered in Chapter 3) – what is needed is an assessment of technology options for the future • Assessment of future technology options (agriculture and non-agriculture) will need to be based on: • Success/failure of past initiatives; and • Emerging challenges • These assessments will provide direct and substantive input to Chapter 10 – i.e. investment options for the future

  23. CHAPTER 8 • Key focus: Assessment of capacity for making AKST work more effectively to achieve goals • Current 1st order draft is a historical and descriptive review of capacity development – what is needed is an assessment of options for future capacity development (e.g. human resources, research institutions, extension & dissemination, training, infrastructure, etc.) • Assessment of future capacity development will need to be based on: • Success/failure of past endeavors; and • Emerging challenges • These assessments will provide direct and substantive input to Chapter 10 – i.e. investment options for the future • Needs significant re-writing and will require additional expertise

  24. CHAPTER 9 • Key focus: Assessment of options on policies and regulations for the future to enable AKST work more effectively to achieve goals • Important chapter for decision makers at regional, national, and sub-national levels • Needs major re-writing and will require additional expertise

  25. CHAPTER 10 • Key focus: Assessment of: • Effectiveness of past investment options; and • Investment options for the future to enable AKST work more effectively to achieve goals • Critical chapter for decision makers at regional, national, and sub-national levels • Assessments of future options need to be complementary and consistent with options raised in Chapters 7, 8 and 9, and build upon Section 2 • Too much emphasis on crops needs more emphasis on animal agriculture, forestry and fisheries. • There needs to be more effort to quantify the positive and negative human health and environmental externalities into the ROR calculations

  26. Need well developed “Key Messages” for each Chapter • Each Chapter must have “Key Messages” section at the beginning of the chapter (6-10 per chapter, 2-3 pages) • Highlights findings supported by evidence • Brief - and conveys findings effectively • Identifies gaps (e.g. knowledge, technology, practice, etc.) • May be useful to follow chapter outline – but does not need to cover all sections • Text is user and audience friendly • Must be useful in developing Summary for Decision Makers

  27. Assessment ReportOverall structure of the report, and proposed approach to the Summaries for Decision Makers and Synthesis Report

  28. Overall Structure for the Assessment • Global Assessment (about 500 printed pages) • Ten chapters, each with Key Messages (i.e. executive summaries) • A Summary for decision makers, which summarizes the key findings of the global assessment • Five Sub-global Assessments (about 250 pages each) • CWANA, ESAP, LAC, NAE and SSA • Five chapters each, each with key messages • A Summary for decision makers, which summarizes the key findings of each sub-global assessment • Synthesis Report (about 50 printed pages) • Synthesizes key findings from global and sub-global assessments • Synthesizes key findings regarding a series of thematic issues

  29. Audiences for the Assessment • The chapters should be defensible to our colleagues, therefore well referenced and conclusions well-articulated – expert judgment based on documented evidence • The chapter key messages should be defensible to our colleagues and understandable to the technical advisors to decision-makers – highlighting the key findings • The Summaries for decision makers of the global and sub-global assessments should highlight the key policy-relevant findings (especially the options for action) for decision makers and be jargon-free • The Overall Synthesis Report should be understandable to decision makers and address their key policy needs

  30. Overall Structure for the Global Assessment Section 1: Historical (past 50 years) and current perspectives. Context, define AKST, conceptual framework and indicators. Assess the efficacy of different AKST systems, and the contribution of AKST systems in achieving the development and sustainability goals of improved nutrition, human health, and livelihoods; reduced hunger and poverty; and social and environmental sustainability. Section 2: Plausible futures (present to 2050). Broad-based global scenarios, with regional specificity – will assessing the positives and negatives for hunger, poverty alleviation, human health, social (gender and equity) and environmental considerations both qualitatively and quantitatively.

  31. Overall Structure for the Global Assessment(cont) Sections 3 and 4: Options for Action.Assess options to enhance the role of the generation, access, dissemination, and use of AKST in achieving the development and sustainability goals in a more effective, efficient, equitable, sustainable and transparent way. Options for action regarding technology, capacity development, policies and funding strategies.

  32. Summaries for Decision Makers • SDMs for each of the global and sub-global assessment reports • Prepared by the CLAs from the global and sub-global assessments, in collaboration with the co-chairs, director and members of the secretariat • CWANA – Hans: ESAP – Bob; LAC – Judi; NAE – Hans and Bob; and SSA - Judi • 10-15 page summary for the global assessment and 5-10 pages for each sub-global assessment • Simultaneous expert and government review • SDMs approved in plenary line by line

  33. Framework Questions for Summary for Decision Makers • Authors need a narrative framework for SDM • This narrative framework needs to link to IAASTD conceptual framework • Proposed wording needs to address past and future • As the questions are answered, point to robust findings and key uncertainties

  34. Questions as originally constructed • What are the development and sustainability challenges that can be addressed through AKST? • What are the likely positive and negative consequences of AKST on the development and sustainability goals? • What are the enabling conditions required to optimize the uptake and diffusion of AKST? • What investments are needed to help realize the potential of AKST in realizing the development and sustainability goals?

  35. Proposed new wording for the questions (better linked to conceptual framework) • What are the development and sustainability challenges related to AKST systems and agricultural outputs and services? • How are AKST systems and agricultural outputs and services influenced by direct and indirect drivers? • Under what circumstances have AKST systems and agricultural outputs and services led to positive and negative development and sustainability outcomes? • Given plausible changes in indirect and direct drivers and in AKST systems and agricultural outputs and services (e.g., innovations, social organization, access and control), what are the potential response options (e.g., policies, measures, investments) for meeting development and sustainability goals in the future?

  36. Characteristics of Key Messages • Presents information that is policy-relevant • Often follows the chapter outline, but does not need to have key findings for all subchapters • Is brief but not cryptic - avoid ambiguity • Has a tone consistent with that of the chapter • States the degree of certainty when possible

  37. Characteristics of Key Messages(continued) • Highlights robust findings and key policy-relevant uncertainties • Contains no literature references but may have internal references (preferred) to subchapters • Should identify gaps - what do we know and what we don’t know • Is transferable into the overall Summary for Decision Makers • Is user friendly - not too technical • Has a maximum of 1800 words

  38. Synthesis Report • Part 1: Synthesis of key global and sub-global assessment messages (about 15 pages) • Synthesizes the key findings from the global and sub- global assessments in relation to the development goals • Summarizes findings that are globally relevant, while highlighting regional/sub-regional differences • Part 2: Synthesis of thematic issues (about 35 pages) • Public and private sector investments in AKST • Markets and trade • NRM, availability and access, emphasis on water And other public policy issues, e.g., • Climate change • Bioenergy • Human health • Transgenics (?)

  39. Synthesis ReportThematic Issues • How have natural resource availability, access and management (inc. water resources) affected the development and sustainability goals, and what are the implications of projected changes in natural resources for the development and sustainability goals? • How have changing markets and changing access to markets affected the development and sustainability goals? What are the projected implications of market changes in the future? • What have been, and what are projected to be, the implications of institutional and policies and funding on access to AKST and ownership of knowledge? • What …. CC • What are the economic, financial, environmental and social issues associated with bioenergy? • What have been, and what are projected to be, the implications of AKST on human health?

  40. Synthesis Report • Based on the global and sub-global assessment reports • Prepared by a selection of CLAS (for Part 1); and LAs (Part 2) from the global and sub-global assessments who have focused on the thematic issues in collaboration with the co-chairs, director, members of the secretariat • Authors nominated by secretariat after consulting CLAs – approved by Bureau using the normal procedures for author selection • A 40-50 page report with a 5-7 page Executive Summary • Simultaneous expert and government review • Executive Summary approved in plenary line by line, longer report adopted paragraph by paragraph

  41. Synthesis Report • Zero-order draft prepared by secretariat based on the second-order drafts of the global and sub-global assessments, with input from a small writing team prior to the fourth global and sub-global authors meeting in South Africa (May 2007) • Meeting of 40-50 authors (”writing team”) for two days in South Africa associated with fourth global and sub-global authors meeting (May 2007) to update the zero-order draft taking into account peer-review comments on the global and sub-global assessments • Meeting of the writing team Report in June/July 2007 using the “near-final” global and sub-global assessment reports to redraft the Synthesis Report • Government and expert review of Synthesis Report (July to mid-August 2007) • Final draft Synthesis Report sent to governments and Bureau members for review by first week of October • Review and approval by the Plenary in November 2007

  42. Timeline

  43. Timeline

  44. Timeline

  45. Budget

  46. Original Budget vs. Actual & Projected Expenses

  47. Budget Explanation • The original budget approved did not include any salary for one of the co-chairs which has resulted in an increase in the cost estimate of $80,000, and the honoraria for developing country authors was increased by $54,000 • The original budget did not include the costs of preparing, translating and printing the Synthesis Report nor holding an synthesis authors meeting • The final inter-governmental plenary has been slightly delayed, partly in order to prepare the Synthesis Report, requiring some of the secretariat and institutional staff to continue for about three to six months beyond dates originally planned • Suggest increasing the outreach and communications budget from $430,000 to $500,000 (based on the recent experience of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment) where inadequate attention was paid to these activities • Unplanned – but possibly needed: At least one additional CLA meeting each for some of the global and sub-global chapters

  48. Funding – Received and Promised

  49. In-Kind & Other Contributions of Funding

  50. Budget Summary The Government of Sweden has offered to contribute about $423,000 to the multi-donor trust fund

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