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Fiqh of Udhiyyah

Fiqh of Udhiyyah. Delivered at Icn 10-25-12. Evidence of the Udhiyyah. Evidence is found in the Quran, Sunnah , and Ijmaa (Consensus) Quran فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَانْحَرْ ( 2) 2 . Therefore turn In prayer to Your Lord and sacrifice (to Him only). Sunnah

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Fiqh of Udhiyyah

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  1. Fiqh of Udhiyyah Delivered at Icn 10-25-12

  2. Evidence of the Udhiyyah • Evidence is found in the Quran, Sunnah, and Ijmaa (Consensus) • Quran • فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَانْحَرْ (2)2. Therefore turn In prayer to Your Lord and sacrifice (to Him only). • Sunnah • قَالَ ضَحَّى النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِكَبْشَيْنِ أَمْلَحَيْنِ أَقْرَنَيْنِ ذَبَحَهُمَا بِيَدِهِ وَسَمَّى وَكَبَّرَ وَوَضَعَ رِجْلَهُ عَلَى صِفَاحِهِمَا ‏.‏ ... • Anas reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) sacrificed with his own hands two horned rams which were white with black markings reciting the name of Allah and glorifying Him (saying Allah-o-Akbar). He placed his foot on their sides (while sacrificing) • Consensus that udhiyyah is part of our religion and can only be done for Allah

  3. Is it Sunnah or Waajib? • According to the majority of scholars the udhiyyah is a highly emphasized Sunnah. سنة موئكدة • Others say that it is mandatory • IbnQudaamah said that the following Scholars were of the opinion that it was Sunnah • Abu Bakr, Umar, Bilal, Abu Masud Al-Badriرضي الله عنهمSaeedibnMusayyib, Ata, As-Shafi رحمهم الله • Evidences • أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏"‏ إِذَا دَخَلَتِ الْعَشْرُ وَأَرَادَ أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ يُضَحِّيَ فَلاَ يَمَسَّ مِنْ شَعَرِهِ وَبَشَرِهِ شَيْئًا ‏"‏. • Umm Salama reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) having said this: When any one of you intending to sacrifice the animal enters in the month (of Dhu'l-Hijja) he should not get his hair or nails touched (cut) • Say that if it was binding he would not use the word أراد which means intends or wants to

  4. Evidence of the Scholars that say it is Waajib • Scholars that took the opinion that it was obligatory • Maalik, At-Thawri, Abu Hanifah, Al-Laythرحمهم الله • Evidence • “Whoever Allah has given vastness in his wealth and does not sacrifice let him not come to our place of prayer.” IbnMajah • The first group differs on the authenticity of the hadeeth • It is allowed to give a qurbani on behalf of the family. Those who have reached their own nisaabshould give qurbani on behalf of themselves (difference of opinion)

  5. Time of Slaughtering • After the Eid Salah • عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَخْطُبُ فَقَالَ ‏"‏ إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا نَبْدَأُ مِنْ يَوْمِنَا هَذَا أَنْ نُصَلِّيَ، ثُمَّ نَرْجِعَ فَنَنْحَرَ، فَمَنْ فَعَلَ فَقَدْ أَصَابَ سُنَّتَنَا ‏"‏‏.‏ ... • Narrated Al-Bara': I heard the Prophet (p.b.u.h) delivering a Khutba saying, "The first thing to be done on this day (first day of `Id ulAdha) is to pray; and after returning from the prayer we slaughter our sacrifices (in the name of Allah) and whoever does so, he acted according to our Sunna • "‏ مَنْ ذَبَحَ قَبْلَ الصَّلاَةِ فَإِنَّمَا ذَبَحَ لِنَفْسِهِ، وَمَنْ ذَبَحَ بَعْدَ الصَّلاَةِ فَقَدْ تَمَّ نُسُكُهُ، وَأَصَابَ سُنَّةَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ • Narrated Anas bin Malik: The Prophet said, "Whoever slaughtered the sacrifice before the prayer, he just slaughtered it for himself, and whoever slaughtered it after the prayer, he slaughtered it at the right time and followed the tradition of the Muslims." • The time is over when the sun sets on the third day of Tashreeqie. 13. Allowed to slaughter during the day or night

  6. Animals which are permissible to be slaughtered • Camels- at least 5 years started 6th • Goats- at least one year , Sheep, Rams, lamb- 6 months • Cows, Bulls, Buffaloes- completed two years and entered into 3rd

  7. Shares • 7 people can share in a cow or camel • 1 person or family (for those who have dependents that do not own nisaab) per sheep • جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، قَالَ اشْتَرَكْنَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِي الْحَجِّ وَالْعُمْرَةِ كُلُّ سَبْعَةٍ فِي بَدَنَةٍ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ لِجَابِرٍ أَيُشْتَرَكُ فِي الْبَدَنَةِ مَا يُشْتَرَكُ فِي الْجَزُورِ قَالَ مَا هِيَ إِلاَّ مِنَ الْبُدْنِ ‏.‏ وَحَضَرَ جَابِرٌ الْحُدَيْبِيَةَ قَالَ نَحَرْنَا يَوْمَئِذٍ سَبْعِينَ بَدَنَةً اشْتَرَكْنَا كُلُّ سَبْعَةٍ فِي بَدَنَةٍ • Jabir b. 'Abdullah (Allah be pleased with them) reported: We joined Allah's Apostle (May peace be upon him) in Hajj and Umra and seven persons shared in the sacrifice of an animal. A person said to Jabir (Allah be pleased with him): Can seven persons share in the sacrifice of al-Badnah (a camel) as he shares in al- Jazur (a cow)? He, (Jabir) said: It (al-Jazur) is nothing but one among the budun. Jabir was present at Hudaibiya and he said: We sacrificed on that day seventy camel, and seven men shared in each sacrifice (of camel)

  8. What is not allowed to be slaughtered for udhiyyah • فَقَالَ ‏"‏ أَرْبَعٌ لاَ تَجُوزُ فِي الأَضَاحِي الْعَوْرَاءُ بَيِّنٌ عَوَرُهَا وَالْمَرِيضَةُ بَيِّنٌ مَرَضُهَا وَالْعَرْجَاءُ بَيِّنٌ ظَلْعُهَا وَالْكَسِيرُ الَّتِي لاَ تَنْقَى ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ قُلْتُ فَإِنِّي أَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي السِّنِّ نَقْصٌ ‏.‏ قَالَ ‏"‏ مَا كَرِهْتَ فَدَعْهُ وَلاَ تُحَرِّمْهُ عَلَى أَحَدٍ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ لَيْسَ لَهَا مُخٌّ • Four (types of animals) should be avoided in sacrifice: • A One-eyed animal which has obviously lost the sight of one eye, • a sick animal which is obviously sick, • a lame animal which obviously limps and • an animal with a broken leg with no marrow. • I also detest an animal which has defective teeth. He said: Leave what you detest, but do not make it illegal for anyone. • Abu Dawud said: (By a lean animal mean) and animal which has no marrow.

  9. Defects Which Need to Be Taken Into Consideration • Also the animal which has its ears cut off should be avoided • يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ عَلِيًّا، يَقُولُ أَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنْ نَسْتَشْرِفَ الْعَيْنَ وَالأُذُنَ • Ali said: • " The Messenger of Allah commanded us to examine the eyes and ears (of animals for sacrifice)."(Hasan) • Animal with no teeth cannot be slaughtered as well

  10. Etiquettes of Slaughtering • عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه و سلم قَالَ: "إنَّ اللَّهَ كَتَبَ الْإِحْسَانَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ، فَإِذَا قَتَلْتُمْ فَأَحْسِنُوا الْقِتْلَةَ، وَإِذَا ذَبَحْتُمْ فَأَحْسِنُوا الذِّبْحَةَ، وَلْيُحِدَّ أَحَدُكُمْ شَفْرَتَهُ، وَلْيُرِحْ ذَبِيحَتَهُ". رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ [رقم:1955]. ... • On the authority of Abu Ya’laShaddad bin Aws (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: Verily Allah has prescribed ihsan (proficiency, perfection) in all things. So if you kill then kill well; and if you slaughter, then slaughter well. Let each one of you sharpen his blade and let him spare suffering to the animal he slaughters.” It was related by Muslim.

  11. Laying it on the ground or a hard surface • عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَمَرَ بِكَبْشٍ أَقْرَنَ يَطَأُ فِي سَوَادٍ وَيَبْرُكُ فِي سَوَادٍ وَيَنْظُرُ فِي سَوَادٍ فَأُتِيَ بِهِ لِيُضَحِّيَ بِهِ فَقَالَ لَهَا ‏"‏ يَا عَائِشَةُ هَلُمِّي الْمُدْيَةَ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ ثُمَّ قَالَ ‏"‏ اشْحَذِيهَا بِحَجَرٍ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ فَفَعَلَتْ ثُمَّ أَخَذَهَا وَأَخَذَ الْكَبْشَ فَأَضْجَعَهُ ثُمَّ ذَبَحَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ ‏"‏ بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ اللَّهُمَّ تَقَبَّلْ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَمِنْ أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ ثُمَّ ضَحَّى بِهِ ‏.‏ ... • 'A'isha reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) commanded that a ram with black legs, black belly and black (circles) round the eyes should be brought to him, so that he should sacrifice it. He said to 'A'isha: Give me the large knife, and then said: Sharpen it on a stone. She did that. He then took it (the knife) and then the ram; he placed it on the ground and then sacrificed it, saying: Bismillah, Allah-hummaTaqabbal min Muhammadinwa Al-i-Muhammadin, wa min UmmatiMuhammadin (In the name of Allah," O Allah, accept [this sacrifice] on behalf of Muhammad and the family of Muhammad and the Umma of Muhammad"

  12. Other Etiquettes • To sharpen the knife in the absence of the animal • “Couldn’t you have done this before? Do you want to kill it twice?” • Face the animal towards the qiblah • In all slaughters but even more emphasized in the udhiyyah • Turn the animal on the right side • Previously mentioned hadeeth • Mandatory to make the tasmiyyah • Say bismillah • Give it water and if possible put water over the animal

  13. Distribution of Meat • لِيَشْهَدُوا مَنَافِعَ لَهُمْ وَيَذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ فِي أَيَّامٍ مَعْلُومَاتٍ عَلَى مَا رَزَقَهُمْ مِنْ بَهِيمَةِ الْأَنْعَامِ فَكُلُوا مِنْهَا وَأَطْعِمُوا الْبَائِسَ الْفَقِيرَ (28) • 28. that they may witness things that are of benefit to them (i.e. reward of Hajj In the Hereafter, and also some worldly gain from trade, etc.), and mention the Name of Allâh on appointed days (i.e. 10th, 11th, 12th, and 13th Day of Dhul-Hijjâh), over the beast of cattle that He has provided for them (for sacrifice) (at the time of their slaughtering by saying: Bismillah, Wallâhu-Akbar, AllâhummaMinkaWaIlaik). Then eat thereof and feed therewith the poor who have a very hard time. • It is from the sunnah to eat from the meat that was slaughtered • -if a person does not eat from it he is not sinful • - does not have to follow the 1/3 1/3 1/3 although it is recommended

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