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Animal Kingdom Overview: Characteristics and Classification

Learn about animal characteristics, types of feeders, how to classify animals, and detailed insights into worms, mollusks, arthropods, and vertebrates. Explore the diverse classes and adaptations in the animal kingdom.

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Animal Kingdom Overview: Characteristics and Classification

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  1. Unit 5 (Part 2) Review

  2. Animal Characteristics • Heterotrophs • Multicellular • Move from place to place at some point in their lives. • Most reproduce sexually.

  3. 3 Things Animals Need To Survive • Food • Water • Oxygen

  4. Different Types of Feeders • Herbivore • Eats plants (veggies/fruit) • Carnivore • Eats other animals (meat) • Omnivore • Eats plants and animals

  5. How To Classify Animals • Scientists group animals into different phyla based on the following characteristics: • DNA • Body structure • Development of the embryo (fertilized egg)

  6. Worm Characteristics • Invertebrates • Have long, narrow bodies without legs. • Have tissues, organs, and organ systems. • Bilateral symmetry. • Have heads and tails.

  7. 3 Major Phyla of Worms • Phylum Platyhelminthes • Flatworms • Phylum Nematoda • Roundworms • Phylum Annelida • Segmented worms

  8. Characteristics: Flatworms • Shape = flat • Most are parasitic (i.e. tapeworms) • Examples = tapeworms and planarians

  9. Characteristics: Roundworms • Live in moist environments. • Shape = cylindrical • Type of feeder: • Carnivores • Herbivores • Parasites • Examples = hookworm

  10. Characteristics: Segmented Worms • Shape = segmented or sectioned • Have a closed circulatory system • Come out at night to feed because... • Predators are asleep • Night air is moist – get oxygen from water. • Examples = earthworms

  11. Earthworms are helpful • Earthworms make the soil more fertile by pooping in it. • They also loosen the soil by making tunnels which makes it easier for plant roots to grow into the ground. • More plants = more food for humans.

  12. Mollusk Characteristics • invertebrates • Soft bodies • Mantle – protects inner organs, makes shell • Foot - to help move • Most have a shell (EXCEPT: slugs, octopuses)

  13. 3 Major Classes • Class Gastropoda • Snails and slugs. • Class Bivalvia • Clams, oysters, squid, mussels • Class Cephalapoda • Squid, nautiluses, octopuses, cuttlefish

  14. Characteristics: Gastropods • Radula – tiny ribbon of teeth used to scrape food. • One shelled

  15. Characteristics: Bivalves • Two shells • No radula • Have gills • Foot adapted for digging • Live in watery environments

  16. Characteristics: Cephalopods • Complex nervous system • Swim using jet propulsion • Foot = tentacles that surround mouth

  17. Squid Adaptations • Chromatosphores – camoflauge • Tentacles/arms – to grab food • Jet propulsion – to move (for food, away from predators) • Eyes on side of head – can see behind them • Gills – get oxygen from water • Ink sac – used to get away from predator

  18. Arthropod Characteristics • Invertebrates • Exoskeleton • Segmented body • Joint appendages

  19. 4 Major Classes • Crustaceans • Lobster, crayfish, shrimp, crabs • Arachnids • Spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions • Insects • Ants, flies, beetles, cricket, bees, etc. • Myriapods • Centipedes, Millipedes

  20. Characteristics: Crustaceans • 2-3 body sections • 14 appendages • 5 or more pairs of legs • 2 pairs of antennae • Lives in water or damp places. • Some are carnivores, others are herbivores.

  21. Characteristics: Arachnids • 2 body sections • 8 appendages • 4 pairs of legs • No antennae • Lives mostly on land • carnivores

  22. Characteristics: Insects • 3 body sections • 8 appendages • 3 pairs of legs • 1 pair of antennae • Lives mostly on land • Some are carnivores, some are herbivores

  23. Characteristics: Millipedes • 80 or more body sections • 160 or more appendages • 160 or more pairs of legs (2 pairs on each segment) • 1 pair of antennae • Live in warm/moist environments • herbivores

  24. Characteristics: Centipedes • 100 or more body sections • 200 or more appendages • 100 or more pairs of legs • 1 pair of antennae • Live in warm/moist environments • carnivores

  25. Arthropod’s Body • The arthropod’s body is split up into three main sections: • Head • Abdomen • Thorax

  26. Vertebrate Characteristics • Phylum Chordata • Have a notochord • Turns into a backbone in MOST vertebrates. • Have a nerve cord • Have slits in throat area (called pharyngeal slits) • Endoskeleton

  27. Endoskeleton • Internal (inside) skeleton • Made up of three major bones: • Backbone • Skull • Ribs • Purpose: • Supports body • Helps give body shape • Gives muscles a place to attach

  28. Ectotherm vs. Endotherm • Ectotherms (i.e. reptiles, fishes) • Body does not make internal heat. • Body temperature depends on temp. of environment. • Endotherm (i.e. humans) • Body temperature is controlled from inside. • Body temperature does NOT depend on outside environment.

  29. Fishes Characteristics • Vertebrate • Closed circulatory system • Most have fins – steering/moving • Gills

  30. 3 Classes of Fishes • Jawless Fishes • Hagfish, lampreys • Cartilaginous Fishes • Sharks, Skates, Rays • Bony Fishes • Garibaldi, goldfish, sheep head, trout, tuna, etc.

  31. Characteristics: Jawless Fishes • No scales • No jaws • Skeleton made of cartilage • Do not have pairs of fins

  32. Characteristics: Cartilaginous Fishes • Have scales • Have jaws • Skeleton made of cartilage • Have pairs of fins • Cannot pump water over gills – must keep moving or sit in current

  33. Characteristics: Bony Fishes • Have scales • Have jaws • Skeleton made of hard bone • Pumps water over gills – water comes in through mouth and is pumped over gills • Swim bladder • gas filled organ • fish won’t sink or float (neutral buoyancy)

  34. Mammals Characteristics • Endothermic • Vertebrates • 4 chambered heart • Have fur or hair – keeps body warm • Internal (inside) fertilization • Gives birth to live young (EXCEPT monotremes) • Young fed with mother’s milk

  35. 3 Groups of Mammals • Monotremes • Duck-Billed Platypus • Marsupials • Kangaroos, Opossums • Placental • Humans

  36. Characteristics: Monotremes • Young develop from eggs laid by mother

  37. Characteristics: Marsupials • Young are born alive early (premature) • Continue to grow and develop in mother’s pouch

  38. Characteristics: Placental • Develop inside mother’s body attached to a placenta (a sac connected by a tube that feeds the baby nutrients from the mother) • They are not born at an early stage of development

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