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Weed Management on Athletic Fields

Weed Management on Athletic Fields. Tim R. Murphy Crop and Soil Sciences The University of Georgia. Athletic Field - Agronomic Problems. Excessive wear and damage Lack of recovery time Compaction Poor drainage. Athletic Fields - People Problems.

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Weed Management on Athletic Fields

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  1. Weed Management on Athletic Fields Tim R. Murphy Crop and Soil Sciences The University of Georgia

  2. Athletic Field - Agronomic Problems • Excessive wear and damage • Lack of recovery time • Compaction • Poor drainage

  3. Athletic Fields - People Problems • Lack of equipment, personnel, chemicals, irrigation (MONEY) • Poor maintenance practices • Untrained maintenance personnel • Constant use schedules • Low budgets - high expectations

  4. Hit or Miss Or A Planned Program

  5. Practical Tips • Use only labeled herbicides • Get the right equipment • Train your applicator • Calibrate all equipment • Control weeds during the off-season or off-times

  6. Georgia Posting Rule • Chapter 40-21-5 • Administered by Georgia Department of Agriculture • 24 hour re-entry restriction for all pesticides • Contact Georgia Department of Agriculture for additional information

  7. Bermudagrass Athletic Fields

  8. Bermudagrass Athletic Fields

  9. Bermudagrass - The Big Three • Simazine (Princep, Wynstar, etc.) • MSMA or DSMA • 2,4-D (possibly a 2-way or three-way)

  10. Bermudagrass - Summer • Use MSMA for postemergence control of weedy grasses • 2 appl. for crabgrass, 7 to 10 day interval • 3 appl. for dallisgrass and bahiagrass, 5 day interval • Will help on nutsedge control

  11. Non-overseeded Bermudagrass - Winter • Simazine or atrazine • Apply 1.0 lb. ai/acre in November • Repeat in January if necessary • Will control annual bluegrass, common chickweed, lawn burweed, henbit, etc. • Poor control of wild garlic/onion and perennial broadleaf weeds

  12. Summer or Winter • Use 2,4-D alone or in 2-way or 3-way herbicides for wild/garlic onion and broadleaf weed control. • Can be used on overseeded fields after 3 to 4 mowings on perennial ryegrass • Tank-mix in summer with MSMA (do compatibility test) (Quadmec, Trimec Plus) • Avoid green-up and hot summer day applications

  13. Athletic Fields - Preemergence Herbicides • Be careful on severely damaged fields • Most PRE herbicides affect root development from stolon nodes • Select oxadiazon products • Does not affect root development from stolon nodes • On non-damaged healthy fields numerous herbicides may be used

  14. Dinitroanilines • Benefin - Balan • Oryzalin - Surflan • Pendimethalin - Pendulum • Prodiamine - Barricade • Trifluralin – an a.i. in Team • Used on most cool- and warm-season turfgrasses • Shoot and root absorbed, no translocation • Inhibit cell division

  15. Dithiopyr • Dimension • MOA is similar to dinitroanilines • Shoot and root absorbed, no translocation • Inhibit cell division (tubulin formation)

  16. DNA Root inhibition Dimension on bermudagrass Surflan on St. Augustinegrass pendimethalin on zoysiagrass Swollen, club shaped roots prevent “rooting down”

  17. More Practical Tips • Observe posting regulation • Water-in (0.5 inch) all preemergence herbicides • Make applications on off-days, or off-times • Use a 20 to 40 gpa spray volume • Avoid post-herbicide use at air temperatures > 90 F. and during spring transition

  18. Problem Athletic Field Weeds • Annual Bluegrass • Goosegrass, Crabgrass • Dallisgrass • Sedge(s)

  19. Annual Bluegrass • Fall preemergence • late-Nov. - atrazine, simazine • mid-Jan. - atrazine, simazine, Sencor, Kerb • Dormant period - Roundup Pro, Finale

  20. Non-Overseeded Bermudagrass • Numerous PRE and POST options for annual bluegrass • Triazines – standard, but resistance increasing • Kerb – works, costly, lateral run-off • Pre’s – work, but DNA resistance is here • Glyphosate – works, partial dormancy • Diquat – ineffective

  21. Crabgrass • Mid-Feb. - March - apply Pre • repeat 8 wks later if 1/2 rate is used • Summer - MSMA • repeat 2x, 7 day interval, will not control goosegrass • Summer - Drive • one application, apply to seedling or big crabgrass, control of 1 to 4 tiller crabgrass is not consistent, will not control goosegrass

  22. Goosegrass • Mid-Feb. - March - apply Pre • repeat 8 wks later if 1/2 rate is used • Summer - MSMA + Sencor • repeat 2x, 7 day interval, controls crabgrass • Summer - Sencor • repeat in 7 d, fair control crabgrass, more injury than MSMA alone

  23. Sedge Herbicides - Turfgrasses • Basagran T/O - yellow, annual sedges • Manage - yellow, purple, annual sedges • MSMA/DSMA - yellow, purple, annual sedges • Image - yellow, purple, annual sedges • Monument - yellow, purple, annual sedges • Pennant - yellow, annual sedges

  24. Green (perennial) kyllinga

  25. Kyllinga spp. (Kyllinga spp.) • Sedge family • Annuals and perennials • Reproduce by seed and rhizomes • No tuber formation • Thrive in wet soils • Increasing in severity • Lack of MSMA use??

  26. Kyllinga spp. - Control • Image • Image + MSMA • Manage • Monument • Continued applications of MSMA/DSMA • Repeat applications will be needed

  27. MSMA, DSMA, CMA • Organic arsenicals • Post only, no soil activity • Crabgrass, other annual grasses • Weak on goosegrass • Nutsedge • Dallisgrass - tough to control

  28. Dallisgrass Control with MSMA • Apply during good growing conditions • 2 to 3 applications • 5 to 7 days apart • Stay on schedule!!! • Avoid temperatures over 900 F. • Need 24 hour rainfree period

  29. Dallisgrass Control with MSMA • 1976 - late July • 1977 - August 1 • 7 day intervals

  30. Overseeded Bermudagrass • It sure is pretty but……. • Cost and difficulty of controlling annual bluegrass increases • Perennial ryegrass becomes a weed during transition • Usually chemical removal is required • Broadleaf and wild garlic control • No problem • Delay application until after 2 to 4 mowings

  31. Overseeded Bermudagrass • Options for annual bluegrass • Kerb - 60 to 90 days (or charcoal) • Dimension – 8 wks • Barricade – 8 wks, not recommended on label • Balan – low rate, 6 weeks • Rubigan – cost limits use to greens • Prograss – greenup issue • TranXit and Revolver – 2 weeks before seeding

  32. Bermudagrass Transition Issues • Heat tolerance of ryegrass • Renegade ryegrass • Poa trivialis liveslonger than expected • Competition to bermudagrass • Long-term effects on bermudagrass • When do you accelerate transition?

  33. Bermudagrass Growth • When do you accelerate transition? • Minimal root growth < 50 F. soil temp. • Optimum root growth 75-85 F. soil temp. • Shoot growth ceases < 55 F. air temp. • Optimum shoot growth 80-95 F. • Need night air temps. of mid-60s F.

  34. Accelerating Transition • Delay application until bermudagrass is in active spring growth. • Know 30 day forecast • No green-brown-green!! (on most sites) • Need green-green

  35. Slow – 4 to 6 wks Kerb Embark (repeats) Cultural techniques Fast – 10 to 30 days Katana TranXit Manor Revolver Momentum Battalion Bermudagrass Transition Options

  36. Health and vigor of bermudagrass is exceedingly important to a smooth transition.

  37. Questions ????????

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