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The Palestinian Liberation Organization

The Palestinian Liberation Organization. Joseph Benedick. Founded in 1964 upon the Palestine National Council’s (PNC) election of a 15 member executive committee lead by Ahmad Shuqayri “Called for the elimination of Israel and the restoration of Palestine to the Palestinians”

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The Palestinian Liberation Organization

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  1. The Palestinian Liberation Organization Joseph Benedick

  2. Founded in 1964 upon the Palestine National Council’s (PNC) election of a 15 member executive committee lead by Ahmad Shuqayri “Called for the elimination of Israel and the restoration of Palestine to the Palestinians” Al-Fatah “moved to fill the political vacuum” after the defeat of the Arabs in 1967 Origins

  3. Factions • al-Fatah • Established in Kuwait by Arafat among others • Largest group • PFLP • Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine • Founded by George Habash • “Marxist group dedicated to the over throw of conservative Arab governments” • DFLP • Further left offshoot of PFLP lead by Jordanian Nayif Hawatma • PFLP-GC (General Command) • PLF • Palestine Liberation Front headed by Abbu Abbas

  4. Actions • Karameh: March 1968 • Guerilla attacks into Israel from Jordan called for by Arafat increases credibility/popularity • Israel mounts massive retaliatory campaign • Battle resulted in 21 Israeli deaths and over 100 Palestinian deaths • Declared victory by PLO • War of Attrition: 1969-70 • Constant attacks on Israel which consequently resulted in expulsion from Jordan after Black September

  5. Actions (cont.) • Relocation to Lebnanon: October 1970 • Establish a state with the state of Lebanon which disturbs Israel • Exacerbates the confessional nature of Lebanon by introducing Israeli support for the Maronites culminating in Civil War (1975-90) • Israel drives PLO out of Lebanon in 1982 • PLO in Tunis: 1982-93 • 1991-Madrid Conference starts peace process

  6. Actions (cont.) • Intifadas: 1987 and 2000 • Palestinian uprisings not sponsored or planned by PLO • Oslo Accords: 1993 • PLO headquartered in Ramallah, West Bank • PLO formally recognizes Israel and vice versa

  7. Current Presence • After his 2004 death, Arafat is succeeded by Mahmoud Abbas • Hamas takes control of Gaza in 2007 elections while Fatah retains control of the West Bank

  8. Sources • Mattar, Philip. "Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)." Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. Ed. Philip Mattar. Vol. 3. 2nd ed. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2004. 1772-1776. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Gale. Upper Arlington High School. 15 Sept. 2009 <http://go.galegroup.com/ps/start.do?p=GVRL&u=uppe28149>. • Nassar, Jamal R. "Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2009. Web.  15 Sept. 2009.

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