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Understanding Logical Fallacies and Rhetorical Devices in English Literature

Explore the intricate world of logical fallacies and rhetorical devices in English literature. This guide outlines common logical errors, such as "either-or reasoning" and "over-simplification," alongside definitions and examples of metaphors, nostalgia, oxymorons, and paradoxes. By delving into these concepts, learners can better analyze arguments and identify errors in reasoning while enhancing their literary comprehension. Through understanding these elements, readers can develop stronger analytical skills that are essential for effective communication and critical thinking.

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Understanding Logical Fallacies and Rhetorical Devices in English Literature

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Presentation Transcript

  1. AP English Vocabulary Kari Truong & John Fitzgerald

  2. Logical Fallacies • Definition: Errors in reasoning and often occur in arguments. - Napoleon was too short to be a distinguished general. • Either or reasoning: restricting the complex aspects of a difficult problem to only one of two solutions. - Marry me or you’ll end up single forever. • Over simplification: providing simplistic answers to complex problems. - Ban handguns and stop organized crime.

  3. Logos • Definition: The use of or appeal to reason to determine a character’s actions or persuade to an argument, rather than ethics or emotions. • Examples: - The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. - y = mx + b - John’s birthday is January 11th, 1994.

  4. Metaphor • Definition: The implicit comparison or identification of one thing with another without using a verbal signal such as “like” or “as”. • Examples: - “The rain came down in long knitting needles” – Enid Bagnold, National Velvet - “A man make break a word with you, sir, and words are but wind – Shakespeare, The Comedy of Errors - “Time is a dressmaker, specializing in alterations” – Faith Baldwin, Face Toward the Spring 1956

  5. Nostalgia • Definition: Desire to return in thought or fact to a former time. • Examples: - “To dwell even fitfully on the past, for James, was to risk crippling nostalgia; the past was the shadow side of will and therefore must be rejected.” —Jackson Lears - A wave of nostalgia swept over me when I saw my childhood home. - Kenyonf, your nostalgia is for a time that never existed. — They All Lost

  6. Oxymoron • Definition: A figure of speech that combines two apparently contradictory elements. • Examples: I. Music (Kid Cudi – Soundtrack 2 My Life) - “Most of the clean faces be the most dirty.” II. He’s awfully nice for giving her flowers. III. John is a perfect screw up.

  7. Paradox • Definition: A statement that seems contradictory, but is actually true. • Examples: - “If you love someone, then you’ll let them go.” - "I can resist anything but temptation.“ – Oscar Wilde - “I must be cruel to be kind.” – Shakespeare in Hamlet

  8. END.

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